The coronavirus disease 2019, COVID-19, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, SARS-CoV-2, appears as a major pandemic having adverse impact on public health and economic activities. Since viral replication in human enterocytes results in its faecal shedding, wastewater surveillance is an ideal, non-invasive, cost-effective and an early warning epidemiological approach to detect the genetic material of SARS-CoV-2. Here, we review techniques for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 in municipal wastewater, and disinfectants used to control viral spread. For detection, concentration of ribonucleic acid involves ultrafiltration, ultracentrifugation and polyethylene glycol precipitation. Identification is done by reverse transcriptase amplification, nucleic acid sequence-based amplification, helicase dependent amplification, loop-mediated isothermal amplification, recombinase polymerase amplification, high throughput screening and biosensor assays. Disinfectants include ultraviolet radiations, ozone, chlorine dioxide, hypochlorites and hydrogen peroxide. Wastewater surveillance data indicates viral presence within longer detection window, and provides transmission dynamics earlier than classical methods. This is particularly relevant for pre-symptomatic and asymptomatic COVID-19 cases.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7898499 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10311-021-01202-1 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Evaluating small extracellular vesicle-based vaccination across heterologous strains isolated from wastewater.
Infect Immun
January 2025
Microbiology and Cell Science Department, IFAS, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
infections pose significant public health challenges worldwide. The diversity of strains, particularly those isolated from environmental and clinical sources, necessitates innovative approaches to prevention and treatment. Previous research has shown that small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) produced by macrophages during Typhimurium infection can induce robust immune responses when used as a vaccine, offering complete protection in systemic infection models.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFResidual heavy metals and antibiotic pollution in abandoned breeding areas along the northeast coast of Hainan Island, China.
Mar Pollut Bull
January 2025
Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Global Change, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China. Electronic address:
To assess the environmental status of an abandoned aquaculture and breeding area in the northeast coast of the Hainan Island, surface and well water, sediment and surface soils were sampled and analyzed for conventional physicochemical properties, heavy metals and antibiotics. Metagenome tests were also conducted to determine the composition and diversity of the microbial community in typical habitats. Affected by the discharge of wastewater from higher-place pond aquaculture, coastal freshwater rivers have undergone significant salinization, Cl and Na were as high as 4.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLifting of travel restrictions brings additional noise in COVID-19 surveillance through wastewater-based epidemiology in post-pandemic period.
Water Res
January 2025
Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia. Electronic address:
The post-pandemic world still faces ongoing COVID-19 infections, although international travel has returned to pre-pandemic conditions. Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) is considered an efficient tool for the population-wide surveillance of COVID-19 infections during the pandemic. However, the performance of WBE in post-pandemic era with travel restrictions lifted remains unknown.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAntimicrobial resistant Enterobacterales of clinical importance in mute swans.
Sci Total Environ
January 2025
Antimicrobial Resistance and Microbial Ecology Group, School of Medicine, University of Galway, Ireland; Centre for One Health, University of Galway, Ireland.
Urban water environments, including canals, harbours and estuaries are susceptible to contamination with antimicrobials and drug-resistant bacteria through domestic and industrial wastewater discharges and storm water overflows. There is potential for wildlife using these waters to acquire and transmit drug-resistant bacteria and antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) of clinical importance. This study aimed to assess clinically important drug-resistant bacteria in urban waterfowl, particularly mute swans.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMetagenomics unveils the role of hospitals and wastewater treatment plants on the environmental burden of antibiotic resistance genes and opportunistic pathogens.
Sci Total Environ
January 2025
School of Environmental and Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd Ll57 2UW, UK.
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global health challenge, with hospitals and wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) serving as significant pathways for the dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). This study investigates the potential of wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) as an early warning system for assessing the burden of AMR at the population level. In this comprehensive year-long study, effluent was collected weekly from three large hospitals, and treated and untreated wastewater were collected monthly from three associated community WWTPs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWant AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!