AI Article Synopsis
- - Specificity protein (Sp) transcription factors, particularly Sp1, Sp3, and Sp4, regulate gene expression linked to various cellular processes and decrease with age, but are found to be elevated in cancer cells, including esophageal cancer (EC).
- - Research indicates that higher levels of Sp1 are associated with worse outcomes in cancers, particularly gastrointestinal types, making it a significant focus in understanding cancer development and progression.
- - The review explores the role of Sp factors as pro-oncogenic in EC and discusses potential treatments, highlighting preclinical findings on mithramycin and tolfenamic acid that target Sp1 activity.
Article Abstract
Specificity protein (Sp) transcription factors regulate the expression of genes associated with several cellular processes and play a critical role in early development. Typically, Sp protein expression decreases with age in healthy adults. Research has shown that Sp proteins can impact the development and transformation of cancer cells and other oncogenic processes, including survival, proliferation, spread, and metastasis. Among the Sp proteins, Sp1, Sp3, and Sp4 have been the main targets of study as they are shown to be highly expressed in cancer cells compared to healthy cells. Increased levels of Sp1 are correlated with poor prognosis in some malignancies, including gastrointestinal cancers. In this review, we discuss the role of Sp transcription factors and examine their activities as pro-oncogenic factors in esophageal cancer (EC). Other aspects presented in this review are potential therapeutic options for EC that target Sp1. We summarize the published information on preclinical results using mithramycin and tolfenamic acid.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/CritRevOncog.2020036449 | DOI Listing |
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