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Game of Bones: How Myeloma Manipulates Its Microenvironment. | LitMetric

Game of Bones: How Myeloma Manipulates Its Microenvironment.

Front Oncol

Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States.

Published: February 2021

AI Article Synopsis

  • Multiple myeloma is a type of cancer originating from plasma cells, making it the second most common blood cancer after Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma.
  • In advanced stages, myeloma cells can grow independently from their bone marrow environment, leading to more severe disease.
  • Current treatments for early-stage myeloma are lacking, and while recent therapies have improved survival rates, most patients still face relapses due to mutations in the myeloma cells that enhance their growth and survival.

Article Abstract

Multiple myeloma is a clonal disease of long-lived plasma cells and is the second most common hematological cancer behind Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma. Malignant transformation of plasma cells imparts the ability to proliferate, causing harmful lesions in patients. In advanced stages myeloma cells become independent of their bone marrow microenvironment and form extramedullary disease. Plasma cells depend on a rich array of signals from neighboring cells within the bone marrow for survival which myeloma cells exploit for growth and proliferation. Recent evidence suggests, however, that both the myeloma cells and the microenvironment have undergone alterations as early as during precursor stages of the disease. There are no current therapies routinely used for treating myeloma in early stages, and while recent therapeutic efforts have improved patients' median survival, most will eventually relapse. This is due to mutations in myeloma cells that not only allow them to utilize its bone marrow niche but also facilitate autocrine pro-survival signaling loops for further progression. This review will discuss the stages of myeloma cell progression and how myeloma cells progress within and outside of the bone marrow microenvironment.

Download full-text PDF

Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7900622PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2020.625199DOI Listing

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