To investigate the effects of simulated hypoxia environment at an altitude of 5 500 meters on hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis and intestinal flora of rats and the correlation between them. The hypoxia model of adult male SD rats was established by hypobaric chamber with simulated altitude of 5 500 m. The hypoxia groups were set for 1, 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days, and the normoxic recovery group were set for 1 and 3 days after hypoxia (8 rats per group, hypoxia time 24h per day). Daily body weight and food intake of rats were recorded. The serum levels of HPT axis hormones were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Intestinal flora was analyzed by 16s rDNA sequencing. The correlation between intestinal flora and serum HPT axis hormone was analyzed by Spearman correlation analysis. Compared with the normoxic group, the body weight and food intake were significantly reduced (＜0.01). In the 1-day and 3-day groups, the levels of thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) were decreased significantly (＜0.05), the levels of total thyroxine (TT4), total triiodothyronine (TT3), free thyroxine (FT4) and free triiodothyronine (FT3) were increased significantly (＜0.05), and the abundance of was decreased significantly (＜0.05), while those of , , , and were increased significantly (＜0.05). In the 14-day, 21-day and 28-day hypoxia groups, the levels of TRH and TSH were decreased significantly (＜0.05), and the levels of TT4 and TT3 were increased significantly (＜0.05), and there was no significant difference in other indexes, the abundance of , , , was increased significantly, but that of and was decreased significantly (＜0.05). Correlation analysis of intestinal flora and HPT axis hormones showed that , and were significantly negatively correlated with TRH and TSH (＜ 0.05), , , and were significantly correlated with TSH, TT4, TT3 and FT4 (＜ 0.05), respectively. was significantly correlated with TRH, TSH and FT4 (＜0.05). was significantly correlated with TRH and FT4 (＜0.05). was significantly associated with TSH and TT3 (＜0.05). Hypoxia stress at an altitude simulating 5500 meters significantly changed the composition of the intestinal flora of SD rats. This may be a change in thyroid function adapted to the hypoxia environment, and the degree of change is related to the time of hypoxia stress. The change of intestinal microflora is significantly correlated with the hormone level of HPT axis.
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