Diarrheal Mechanisms and the Role of Intestinal Barrier Dysfunction in Campylobacter Infections.

Curr Top Microbiol Immunol

Institute of Clinical Physiology/Nutritional Medicine, Medical Department, Division of Gastroenterology, Infectiology, Rheumatology, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203, Berlin, Germany.

Published: February 2021

Campylobacter enteritis is the most common cause of foodborne bacterial diarrhea in humans. Although various studies have been performed to clarify the pathomechanism in Campylobacter infection, the mechanism itself and bacterial virulence factors are yet not completely understood. The purpose of this chapter is to (i) give an overview on Campylobacter-induced diarrheal mechanisms, (ii) illustrate underlying barrier defects, (iii) explain the role of the mucosal immune response and (iv) weigh preventive and therapeutic approaches. Our present knowledge of pathogenetic and diarrheal mechanisms of Campylobacter jejuni is explained in the first part of this chapter. In the second part, the molecular basis for the Campylobacter-induced barrier dysfunction is compared with that of other species in the Campylobacter genus. The bacteria are capable of overcoming the intestinal epithelial barrier. The invasion into the intestinal mucosa is the initial step of the infection, followed by a second step, the epithelial barrier impairment. The extent of the impairment depends on various factors, including tight junction dysregulation and epithelial apoptosis. The disturbed intestinal epithelium leads to a loss of water and solutes, the leak flux type of diarrhea, and facilitates the uptake of harmful antigens, the leaky gut phenomenon. The barrier dysfunction is accompanied by increased pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion, which is partially responsible for the dysfunction. Moreover, cytokines also mediate ion channel dysregulation (e.g., epithelial sodium channel, ENaC), leading to another diarrheal mechanism, which is sodium malabsorption. Future perspectives of Campylobacter research are the clarification of molecular pathomechanisms and the characterization of therapeutic and preventive compounds to combat and prevent Campylobacter infections.

Download full-text PDF

Source
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65481-8_8DOI Listing

Publication Analysis

Top Keywords

diarrheal mechanisms
12
barrier dysfunction
12
campylobacter infections
8
epithelial barrier
8
dysregulation epithelial
8
campylobacter
7
barrier
6
diarrheal
4
mechanisms role
4
intestinal
4

Similar Publications

Background: Children's screen time has substantially increased worldwide, including in Bangladesh, especially since the pandemic, which is raising concern about its potential adverse effects on their physical, mental, and social health. Parental supervision may play a crucial role in mitigating these negative impacts. However, there is a lack of empirical evidence assessing the relationship between parental screen time supervision and health outcomes among school children in Dhaka, Bangladesh.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Unlabelled: The intestinal diarrheal pathogen colonizes the host terminal ileum, a microaerophilic, glucose-poor, nitrate-rich environment. In this environment, respires nitrate and increases transport and utilization of alternative carbon sources via the cAMP receptor protein (CRP), a transcription factor that is active during glucose scarcity. Here we show that nitrate respiration in aerated cultures is under control of CRP and, therefore, glucose availability.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Overview of the Trending Enteric Viruses and Their Pathogenesis in Intestinal Epithelial Cell Infection.

Biomedicines

December 2024

Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan.

Enteric virus infection is a major public health issue worldwide. Enteric viruses have become epidemic infectious diseases in several countries. Enteric viruses primarily infect the gastrointestinal tract and complete their life cycle in intestinal epithelial cells.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Pathogenicity comparison between porcine G9P[23] and G5P[23] RVA in piglets.

Vet Microbiol

December 2024

State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, PR China. Electronic address:

Rotavirus Group A (RVA) is a primary pathogen that causes viral diarrhea in humans and animals. Porcine rotaviruses (PoRVs) are widely epidemic in pig farms in China, causing great economic losses to the swine industry. In the past 30 years, the G5 RVA had been the main epidemic genotype in pig farms worldwide.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

The medicinal fungus Phellinus Igniarius (P. igniarius) has been demonstrated to possess a variety of pharmacological effects, including anti-oxidant, anti-tumor, blood circulation promotion, anti-diarrheal and sedative properties, etc. In order to gain a deeper understanding of the components in P.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Want AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?

Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!