Background: Negative emotions have been linked to ischemic heart disease, but existing research typically involves self-report methods and little is known about non-verbal facial emotion expression. The role of ischemia and anginal symptoms in emotion expression was examined.
Methods: Patients undergoing cardiac stress testing (CST) using bicycle exercise or adenosine with myocardial perfusion imaging were included (N = 256, mean age 66.8 ± 8.7 year., 43% women). Video images and emotion expression (sadness, anxiety, anger, and happiness) were analyzed at baseline, initial CST , maximal CST, recovery. Nuclear images were evaluated using SPECT.
Results: Ischemia (N = 89; 35%) was associated with higher levels of sadness (p = .017, d = 0.34) and lower happiness (p = .015, d = 0.30). During recovery, patients with both ischemia and anginal symptoms had the highest sadness expression (F (3,254) = 3.67, p = .013, eta = 0.042) and the lowest happiness expression (F (3, 254) = 4.19, p = .006, eta = .048).
Conclusion: Sadness and reduced happiness were more common in patients with ischemia. Also, anginal symptoms were associated with more negative emotions.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12529-021-09963-3 | DOI Listing |
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