The pathogenic consequences of 369 unique human HsMLH1 missense variants has been hampered by the lack of a detailed function in mismatch repair (MMR). Here single-molecule images show that HsMSH2-HsMSH6 provides a platform for HsMLH1-HsPMS2 to form a stable sliding clamp on mismatched DNA. The mechanics of sliding clamp progression solves a significant operational puzzle in MMR and provides explicit predictions for the distribution of clinically relevant HsMLH1 missense mutations.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2019215118 | DOI Listing |
Orphanet J Rare Dis
December 2024
Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
Background: Meier-Gorlin syndrome (MGORS) is a rare autosomal inherited form of primordial dwarfism. Pathogenic variants in 13 genes involved in DNA replication initiation have been identified in this disease, but homozygous intronic variants have never been reported. Additionally, whether growth hormone (GH) treatment can increase the height of children with MGORS is unclear.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMitochondrion
January 2025
Organelle Biology and Cellular Ageing Lab, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India. Electronic address:
Mitochondrial morphology is a result of regulated opposite events called fission and fusion and requires the GTPase, dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1/Dnm1), or its homologs. A recent clinical report identified a heterozygous missense mutation in the human DRP1 that replaces Glycine (G) 149 with Arginine (R) and results in debilitating conditions in the patient. In this study, we mimicked this mutation in yeast Dnm1 (G178R) and investigated the impact of the pathogenic mutation on the protein's function.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNeurology
February 2025
Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China.
Background And Objectives: Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) is a key enzyme that regulates folate and homocysteine metabolism. Genetic variation in has been implicated in cerebrovascular disease risk, although research in diverse populations is lacking. We thus aimed to investigate the effect of genetically predicted MTHFR activity on risk of ischemic stroke (IS) and its main subtypes using a multiancestry Mendelian randomization (MR) approach.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAlzheimers Dement
December 2024
Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Background: 20-hydroxyeicosatetranoic acid (20-HETE) is a potent vasoconstrictor synthesized by the CYP4F2 enzyme. The CYP4F2 missense variant rs3093105 A>C (W12G) has been implicated in hypertension and stroke, risk factors for Alzheimer's disease (AD), and with decreased 20-HETE activity. To explore the potential role of the CYP4F2/20-HETE pathway and AD, this study investigated associations between the rs3093105 variant and AD phenotypes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAlzheimers Dement
December 2024
Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.
Background: New methods developed to estimate when AD biomarkers became abnormal in individuals have shown considerable heterogeneity in amyloid and tau pathology onset age. This work used polygenic scores (PGS) generated from CSF Aß42 and ptau181 GWAS, individual-level genetic data, and estimated tau onset age (ETOA) to identify genetic influences on tau onset beyond APOE.
Method: Participants from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) with genetic data, CSF biomarkers (Aß42 and ptau181), and longitudinal [18F]Flortaucipir (FTP) tau PET were analyzed (N = 462).
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