Isobutyl nitrite is one of the popular recreational drugs with high abuse potential that is known to cause methemoglobinemia. While inhaling this recreational drug, often referred to as a 'popper', is the typical route of administration, oral ingestion can produce a more rapid and fulminant course of methemoglobinemia. We present the case of a 69-year-old male that presented to our emergency department in extreme, life-threatening methemoglobinemia due to the ingestion of isobutyl nitrite that he obtained from an adult novelty store. The patient had a methemoglobin level above our lab cut-off of 28% and was subsequently treated with two doses of intravenous methylene blue. His hospital course was unremarkable, and he was discharged on Day 2. Methemoglobinemia is a medical emergency that requires a high index of clinical suspicion, prompt recognition, and rapid treatment.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/omcr/omaa136 | DOI Listing |
Toxicol Rep
June 2024
Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
Methemoglobinemia is a potentially life-threatening condition caused by the formation of methemoglobin, a form of hemoglobin that cannot bind oxygen. While there are some rare congenital causes of methemoglobinemia, most cases are acquired from the effects of specific drugs or environmental exposures. In this retrospective study, we analyzed a large data set of whole blood samples analyzed for methemoglobin at an academic medical center in Midwestern United States that provides both pediatric and adult services.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDermatitis
June 2024
Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Cureus
December 2022
Internal Medicine/Pulmonary Critical Care, BronxCare Health System, Bronx, USA.
Methemoglobinemia, defined as hemoglobin's impaired oxygen-carrying capacity due to oxidation from the ferrous (Fe2+) state to the ferric (Fe3+) state, has many well-documented etiologies. One example of an uncommon cause of acquired methemoglobinemia is the ingestion of nail polish remover, which can contain methemoglobin generators such as nitroethane, N,N-dimethyl-p-toluidine, and isobutyl nitrite. We present a case of methemoglobinemia in an 81-year-old male following accidental ingestion of isobutyl nitrite-containing nail polish remover, commonly used as a recreational inhalant.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAm J Emerg Med
February 2023
The Medical College of Wisconsin, Department of Emergency Medicine, Division of Medical Toxicology, 9200 W Wisconsin Ave, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States of America; Wisconsin Poison Center, 9200 W Wisconsin Ave, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States of America; The Medical College of Wisconsin, School of Pharmacy, 9200 W Wisconsin Ave, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States of America; Froedtert & the Medical College of Wisconsin, Department of Pharmacy, 9200 W Wisconsin Ave, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States of America.
Background: Alkyl nitrite analogs known as "poppers" have been inhaled recreationally for decades. They are available to be purchased from gas stations marketed as "nail polish remover not for human consumption". These rapid-onset, short-acting, vasodilators cause the user to experience euphoria, dizziness, tachycardia and flushing.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFProc (Bayl Univ Med Cent)
February 2022
Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas.
Methemoglobinemia is a blood disorder in which red blood cells contain methemoglobin, a form of hemoglobin that contains iron in its oxidized state, at levels >1%, often leading to a hypoxic state. It can be acquired or congenital and has been associated with nitrate or nitrite exposure. "Poppers" and "Rush" are slang terms given to drugs of the chemical class called amyl nitrate or isobutyl nitrite, which are typically inhaled and can be found over the counter.
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