Frailty, sarcopenia and health related outcomes among elderly patients in Saudi Arabia.

Objective: To determine the prevalence of frailty and sarcopenia among elderly patients in Saudi Arabia and explore if there are significant association between frailty and sarcopenia.

Methods: A total of 498 patients from public tertiary hospital in Saudi Arabia participated in this descriptive cross-sectional study between March 2019 to June 2019. All participants answered a 5-part questionnaire, which includes demographic data, Edmonton Frail Scale, SARC-F and questions related to Activities of Daily living.

Results: The mean age of the participants was 69.98 ± 6.28. Of the 498 participants, 67.7% were aged 61-70 years and 42% had a BMI of greater than < 30 kg/m. The prevalence of patients with mild frail, moderate frail and severely frail were 22, 12, and 4%, respectively. The analysis showed that majority of patients who had sarcopenia were females (84%). The analysis show that the level of frailty of patients were significantly different between age, marital status, educational level and patients' needs of home care, activities of daily living, presence of comorbidity and sarcopenia (p = 0.001). In the logistic regression analysis, the pre-frailty group was significantly likely to have sarcopenia (OR 0.02 95% 0.01-0.23p = 0.001) than nonfrailty patients.

Conclusion: In conclusion, this research highlights the high prevalence of sarcopenia among elderly patients and the increasing percentage of frail patients in Saudi Arabia. In addition, significant difference and association were found with sarcopenia and frailty with many sociodemographic and clinical components of elderly patients in Saudi Arabia.