The sand fly Phlebotomus papatasi is an important disease-bearing vector. Five entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) - Steinernema carpocapsae DD136, Steinernema sp. (SII), S. carpocapsae all, S. abbasi, and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora HP88 - were applied as biocontrol agents against the late third instar larvae of P. papatasi. In addition, the effect of toxin complexes (TCs) of Xenorhabdus nematophila and Photorhabdus luminescens laumondii bacteria was evaluated. Results revealed that S. carpocapsae DD136 was the most virulent species followed by Steinernema sp. (SII) and S. carpocapsae all where LC were 472, 565, 962 IJs/ml, respectively. Also, the crude TCs were slightly more active and toxic than their fractionated protein. Histopathological examination of infected larvae with H. bacteriophora HP88 showed negative effect on their midgut cells. In conclusion, EPNs with their symbiotic bacteria are more effective as biocontrol agents than the crude or fractionated TCs against sand fly larvae.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Efficient Convolutional Neural Network Model for the Taxonomy and Sex Identification of Three Phlebotomine Sandfly Species (Diptera, Psychodidae, and Phlebotominae).
Animals (Basel)
December 2024
Department of Computer Engineering, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid 22110, Jordan.
Sandflies, small insects primarily from the Psychodidae family, are commonly found in sandy, tropical, and subtropical regions. Most active during dawn and dusk, female sandflies feed on blood to facilitate egg production. In doing so, they can transmit infectious diseases that may cause symptoms such as fever, headaches, muscle pain, anemia, skin rashes, and ulcers.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMolecular detection of DNA in wild-caught sand flies, and spp. in northern Iran.
Parasite Epidemiol Control
November 2024
Iranian National Registry Center for Lophomoniasis and Toxoplasmosis, Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
Leishmaniasis is currently considered a major health problem in Iran, posing an increasing threat to society's development in various dimensions. This study aimed to detect infection in wild-caught sand flies in Sari City, northern Iran. Sand flies were collected using sticky traps, and DNA was identified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting the ITS2-rDNA region, followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFClimatic and meteorological factors shaping the potential activity season of sand flies in Southeast Europe.
Acta Trop
January 2025
Institute of Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
Article Synopsis
- * The study analyzed trapping data for eight sand fly species across seven countries, revealing varied meteorological limits for each species' activity based on factors like temperature and precipitation.
- * Findings indicate that some species, like Phlebotomus balcanicus, have broader tolerances to weather changes, while others are more sensitive, helping to identify important ecological niches and support targeted surveillance efforts against pathogen spread.
Expression pattern of ARG1 and iNOS genes in macrophages of Rhombomys opimus, BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice exposed to Leishmania major and salivary gland homogenates of Phlebotomus papatasi.
Exp Parasitol
December 2024
Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Electronic address:
Early interactions between Leishmania-macrophages (MQ) of host and effect of sand fly saliva are central to leishmaniasis outcome. Macrophages are able to kill or act as long-term hosts of parasite depending on host immunity. It proved that immunogenic proteins in sand fly saliva mostly have an exacerbating effect on leishmaniasis by up-regulating cytokines.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNationwide cross-sectional surveillance of Leishmania donovani in phlebotomine sand flies and its impact on national kala-azar elimination in India.
Sci Rep
November 2024
ICMR- Vector Control Research Centre, Field Station, Kottayam, Kerala, 686003, India.
India is accelerating efforts to eliminate kala-azar by aligning its National Kala-Azar Elimination Program with the World Health Organization's (WHO) roadmap for Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs) 2021-2030. Elimination relies on comprehensive vector surveillance and integrated vector management. This study aimed to conduct nationwide entomological surveillance to detect Leishmania donovani in phlebotomine sand flies.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWant AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!