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Function: require_once
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Function: _error_handler
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Mature red blood cells (RBCs) lack internal organelles and canonical defense mechanisms, making them both a fascinating host cell, in general, and an intriguing choice for the deadly malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum (Pf), in particular. Pf, while growing inside its natural host, the human RBC, secretes multipurpose extracellular vesicles (EVs), yet their influence on this essential host cell remains unknown. Here we demonstrate that Pf parasites, cultured in fresh human donor blood, secrete within such EVs assembled and functional 20S proteasome complexes (EV-20S). The EV-20S proteasomes modulate the mechanical properties of naïve human RBCs by remodeling their cytoskeletal network. Furthermore, we identify four degradation targets of the secreted 20S proteasome, the phosphorylated cytoskeletal proteins β-adducin, ankyrin-1, dematin and Epb4.1. Overall, our findings reveal a previously unknown 20S proteasome secretion mechanism employed by the human malaria parasite, which primes RBCs for parasite invasion by altering membrane stiffness, to facilitate malaria parasite growth.
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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7895969 | PMC |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-21344-8 | DOI Listing |
Oxid Med Cell Longev
December 2024
Department of Medical Laboratory Science, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana.
Schistosomiasis is considered one of the most devastating parasitic diseases globally, coming second only to malaria in terms of morbidity. The disease-causing parasite can inhabit the body for over a decade, leading to imbalances in the host's metabolic systems. The flukes and their eggs can illicit various immunological and metabolic complications resulting in the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNew Microbes New Infect
December 2024
Center of Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity, Amsterdam Public Health, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Background: Accurate scientific terminology is crucial in health sciences to avoid misinterpretations. The use of 'artemisinin resistance' to describe delayed parasite clearance may be inaccurately equated with full resistance, as is typically the case when 'resistance' is used with other pathogens, leading to potential confusion. In 2018, the World Health Organization (WHO) introduced 'partial artemisinin resistance' to more accurately reflect the delayed parasite clearance observed with artemisinin-based therapies.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTissue Cell
December 2024
Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Johor 81310 UTM, Malaysia.
Malaria is endemic in poverty-stricken regions of the world, and most diagnosis reveal comorbidity with other infectious diseases some of which manifest as a deformity of the structural arrangement of the Red Blood Cells (RBCs) during thin blood smear microscopy. This common occurring deformity is termed rouleaux formation, and it is the stacking together of RBCs like chains of coins. The presence of rouleaux formation indicates either a bacterial infection, connective tissue disease, chronic liver disease, multiple myeloma or diabetes among others, it is a highly common occurrence in malaria infected patients and according to the international council for standardization of hematology (ICSH), microscopists are mandated to report its presence.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMalar J
December 2024
Laboratoire d'Entomologie, UFR Sciences de la Nature, Université Nangui Abrogoua, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.
Background: Malaria remains a threat in sub-Saharan Africa, particularly in Côte d'Ivoire, where it is endemic and represents the leading cause of hospital consultations, morbidity and mortality. The strong climatic variations that exist between coastal and savannah areas of Côte d'Ivoire suggest that vector control interventions should be scheduled according to the eco-epidemiological diversity. This study evaluates bioecological parameters of vectors and malaria transmission in two health districts, one coastal and one central of Côte d'Ivoire.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAm J Trop Med Hyg
December 2024
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
Although China has achieved malaria elimination certification, the risk of malaria transmission reintroduction due to imported malaria remains. We analyzed data on imported malaria cases collected from January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2021, using multivariable logistic regression analysis to identify the factors associated with severe and relapsing malaria. The odds of severe malaria were around 4-fold greater for patients who were initially diagnosed with a nonmalarial illness than for patients initially diagnosed with malaria.
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