AI Article Synopsis
- Small satellite technologies like CubeSats are revolutionizing space research, particularly in the field of biology and astrobiology.
- Over the past 15 years, NASA Ames Research Center has launched several biological CubeSats to study how space conditions affect microorganisms, focusing on factors like radiation and microgravity.
- The latest CubeSat, BioSentinel, aims to be the first to operate in deep space and will conduct experiments on DNA damage repair in cells, utilizing new advancements in its biosensing payload for long-term studies.
Article Abstract
Small satellite technologies, particularly CubeSats, are enabling breakthrough research in space. Over the past 15 years, NASA Ames Research Center has developed and flown half a dozen biological CubeSats in low Earth orbit (LEO) to conduct space biology and astrobiology research investigating the effects of the space environment on microbiological organisms. These studies of the impacts of radiation and reduced gravity on cellular processes include dose-dependent interactions with antimicrobial drugs, measurements of gene expression and signaling, and assessment of radiation damage. BioSentinel, the newest addition to this series, will be the first deep space biological CubeSat, its heliocentric orbit extending far beyond the radiation-shielded environment of low Earth orbit. BioSentinel's 4U biosensing payload, the first living biology space experiment ever conducted beyond the Earth-Moon system, will use a microbial bioassay to assess repair of radiation-induced DNA damage in eukaryotic cells over a duration of 6-12 months. Part of a special collection of articles focused on BioSentinel and its science mission, this article describes the design, development, and testing of the biosensing payload's microfluidics and optical systems, highlighting improvements relative to previous CubeSat life-support and bioanalytical measurement technologies.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/ast.2020.2305 | DOI Listing |
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