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Genome sequences reveal global dispersal routes and suggest convergent genetic adaptations in seahorse evolution. | LitMetric

Genome sequences reveal global dispersal routes and suggest convergent genetic adaptations in seahorse evolution.

Nat Commun

CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.

Published: February 2021

AI Article Synopsis

  • * A study investigated seahorse dispersal and biogeographic patterns through genome analysis of Hippocampus erectus and various other species, revealing their evolution began in the late Oligocene with colonization influenced by ocean currents and seaway openings.
  • * Genetic analysis linked the evolution of a specific adaptive trait, "bony spines," to changes in a developmental gene, suggesting that ocean current rafting helps them disperse despite their limited natural mobility.

Article Abstract

Seahorses have a circum-global distribution in tropical to temperate coastal waters. Yet, seahorses show many adaptations for a sedentary, cryptic lifestyle: they require specific habitats, such as seagrass, kelp or coral reefs, lack pelvic and caudal fins, and give birth to directly developed offspring without pronounced pelagic larval stage, rendering long-range dispersal by conventional means inefficient. Here we investigate seahorses' worldwide dispersal and biogeographic patterns based on a de novo genome assembly of Hippocampus erectus as well as 358 re-sequenced genomes from 21 species. Seahorses evolved in the late Oligocene and subsequent circum-global colonization routes are identified and linked to changing dynamics in ocean currents and paleo-temporal seaway openings. Furthermore, the genetic basis of the recurring "bony spines" adaptive phenotype is linked to independent substitutions in a key developmental gene. Analyses thus suggest that rafting via ocean currents compensates for poor dispersal and rapid adaptation facilitates colonizing new habitats.

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Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7889852PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-21379-xDOI Listing

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