Mutation Is Associated with Increased Risk of Recurrence in Surgically Resected Lung Adenocarcinoma.

Purpose: is the most common mutation in primary lung adenocarcinoma. Phase I clinical trials have demonstrated encouraging clinical activity of inhibitors in the metastatic setting. We investigated disease-free survival (DFS) and tumor genomic features in patients with surgically resected -mutant lung adenocarcinoma.

Experimental Design: Patients who underwent resection of stage I-III lung adenocarcinoma and next-generation sequencing (NGS) were evaluated. Exclusion criteria were receipt of induction therapy, incomplete resection, and low-quality NGS. Mutations were classified as wild-type ( ), G12C ( ), or non-G12C ( ). DFS was compared between groups using the log-rank test; factors associated with DFS were assessed using Cox regression. Mutual exclusivity and cooccurrence, tumor clonality, and mutational signatures were assessed.

Results: In total, 604 patients were included: 374 (62%), 95 (16%), and 135 (22%). Three-year DFS was not different between -mutant and tumors. However, 3-year DFS was worse in patients with than tumors (log-rank = 0.029). tumors had more lymphovascular invasion (51% vs. 37%; = 0.032) and higher tumor mutation burden [median (interquartile range), 7.0 (5.3-10.8) vs. 6.1 (3.5-9.7); = 0.021], compared with tumors. mutation was independently associated with worse DFS on multivariable analysis. Our DFS findings were externally validated in an independent The Cancer Genome Atlas cohort.

Conclusions: mutations are associated with worse DFS after complete resection of stage I-III lung adenocarcinoma. These tumors harbor more aggressive clinicopathologic and genomic features than other -mutant tumors. We identified a high-risk group for whom inhibitors may be investigated to improve survival.