[Prevalence and degree of control of cardiovascular risk factors in patients with ischemic cardiopathy of an urban health center.].

Objective: Compliance with the therapeutic objectives recommended in the clinical practice guidelines on cardiovascular prevention and changes in lifestyle, such as smoking cessation, reduce the morbidity and mortality of patients with ischemic heart disease. The objective of this study was to analyze the prevalence and degree of control of the main cardiovascular risk factors in patients with ischemic heart disease.

Methods: A total of 200 patients with ischemic heart disease randomly selected between the years 2008-2018. The degree of control of the cardiovascular risk factors and the achievement of the recommended objectives in secondary cardiovascular prevention were analyzed during a mean follow-up of 5 years. A descriptive and inferential analysis of the data was performed with the SPPS version 22.0 program.

Results: 77.9% of patients (mean age 65.6 years, 63.2 men and 70.5 women, p<0.01) had high blood pressure, 69.3% dyslipidemia, 48.2% obesity and 32.3% diabetes. 34.8% were smokers (39.2% of men versus 25.4% of women, p=0.06). During the follow-up, a slight decrease in smoking was observed (from 34.8% to 21.6%, p<0.01), with a greater percentage reduction in men versus women (42.9% versus 21.3%, p<0.01). In the follow-up, he also highlighted the decrease in blood pressure, total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol. Optimal compliance with therapeutic objectives was achieved in 21.7% of patients.

Conclusions: The objectives of secondary cardiovascular prevention are reached in a low percentage of patients with ischemic heart disease, with a lower rate of smoking cessation in women.