Background: Primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is associated with high patient satisfaction. However, controversy remains regarding the safety and efficacy of conducting simultaneous bilateral (simBTKA) versus staged bilateral TKA (staBTKA). The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the current evidence for simBTKA versus staBTKA and compare clinical outcomes including mortality, complications and length of stay (LOS).
Methods: A search was performed of PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane central databases between January 2000 and March 2020. Search terms included "simultaneous," "staged," and "bilateral TKA." Inclusion criteria comprised studies comparing outcomes of simBTKA versus staBTKA. Quality of included studies was assessed and meta-analyses of pooled data was conducted.
Results: 29 articles published between 2001 and 2020 were included in qualitative synthesis from 927 potentially relevant titles, comprising 257,284 patients. 104,207 patients underwent simBTKA and 153,632 patients underwent staBTKA. simBTKA was associated with significantly increased 90-day mortality rate (P < .00001, OR 2.24, 95% CI 1.79-2.81), increased incidence of pulmonary embolism (P < .00001, OR 1.69, 95% CI 1.51-1.89), venous thrombosis (P < .00001, OR 1.33, 95% CI 1.23-1.43), and neurological complications (P = .002, OR 1.42, 95% CI 1.13-1.77). Incidence of superficial and deep infection was significantly increased with staBTKA (P = .02, P < .00001 respectively). Revision rate within one year was equivocal. Mean LOS was 2.1 days shorter for simBTKA.
Conclusion: SimBTKA was associated with decreased incidence of infection and LOS but increased incidence of 90-day mortality, venous thromboembolism and neurological complications. Revision rates were equivocal. Patients should be selected and counseled based on the risks respective to each strategy.
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