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Dual-Task Interference in a Simulated Driving Environment: Serial or Parallel Processing? | LitMetric

AI Article Synopsis

  • When humans perform multiple tasks at the same time, their overall performance worsens, especially if the tasks are closely timed together.
  • A study was conducted in a simulated driving scenario where participants had to switch between a lane change task and an image discrimination task, revealing increased reaction times (RTs) during dual-task conditions compared to single-task situations.
  • The research found that task processing combines features of both serial and parallel methods, and identified that executive functions play a crucial role in managing tasks when faced with dual-task interference, particularly under unpredictable task conditions.

Article Abstract

When humans are required to perform two or more tasks concurrently, their performance declines as the tasks get closer together in time. Here, we investigated the mechanisms of this cognitive performance decline using a dual-task paradigm in a simulated driving environment, and using drift-diffusion modeling, examined if the two tasks are processed in a serial or a parallel manner. Participants performed a lane change task, along with an image discrimination task. We systematically varied the time difference between the onset of the two tasks (Stimulus Onset Asynchrony, SOA) and measured its effect on the amount of dual-task interference. Results showed that the reaction times (RTs) of the two tasks in the dual-task condition were higher than those in the single-task condition. SOA influenced the RTs of both tasks when they were presented second and the RTs of the image discrimination task when it was presented first. Results of drift-diffusion modeling indicated that dual-task performance affects both the rate of evidence accumulation and the delays outside the evidence accumulation period. These results suggest that a hybrid model containing features of both parallel and serial processing best accounts for the results. Next, manipulating the predictability of the order of the two tasks, we showed that in unpredictable conditions, the order of the response to the two tasks changes, causing attenuation in the effect of SOA. Together, our findings suggest higher-level executive functions are involved in managing the resources and controlling the processing of the tasks during dual-task performance in naturalistic settings.

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Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7873965PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.579876DOI Listing

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