Background: The Australian National Herpes Zoster Immunisation Program commenced in November 2016 for people aged 70-79 years old in Australia but vaccine effectiveness (VE) in this setting has not previously been assessed.
Methods: We extracted records from two cohorts of patients aged 70-79 years in 2017 and 2018 respectively who were regular attenders in a nationwide general practice dataset, MedicineInsight. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate VE. Models were adjusted for potential confounders including age, sex, and other covariates. Analyses were also stratified by sex, presence of comorbid conditions and number of general practitioner (GP) visits in the previous year.
Results: The 2017 cohort included 40,275 regular attenders and the 2018 cohort 41,735. Both cohorts had a mean age of 73.9 years and 52% were women. In 2017, among vaccinated people, over 9,688 person-years of follow-up, 35 cases of zoster were diagnosed giving an incidence of 3.6 per 1000 person-years compared to 8.7 per 1000 person-years (264 cases/30,317 person-years) among unvaccinated people. For 2018, among vaccinated people there were 66 incident zoster cases over 16,716 person-years giving an incidence of 3.9 per 1000 person-years compared to 6.3 per 1000 person-years (156 cases/24,782 person-years) among the unvaccinated. Overall, in the first year of the program, when the average time since vaccination was about 8 months, VE was 63.5% (95% CI: 47.5, 74.6) but this fell to 48.2% (95% CI: 30.0, 61.7) in the second year when the average time since vaccination was about 18 months. We found no difference in VE across age, sex, presence of comorbid conditions, and prior GP visit frequency (P-interaction > 0.05).
Conclusions: VE was consistent with that estimated in other countries and international settings. However, our findings suggest waning effectiveness after the first year of the program. Further program evaluation is necessary.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.01.067 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Incidence and Risk Factors for Amiodarone-Induced Thyroid Dysfunction: A Nationwide Retrospective Cohort Study.
Am J Cardiovasc Drugs
January 2025
Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Goyang, Republic of Korea.
Background: Amiodarone is an effective anti-arrhythmic drug; however, it is frequently associated with thyroid dysfunction. The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence and risk factor of amiodarone-induced dysfunction in an iodine-sufficient area.
Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 27,023 consecutive patients treated with amiodarone for arrhythmia, using the Korean National Health Insurance database.
Cardiovascular Outcomes With Antidiabetic Drugs in People With Type 2 Diabetes and a Prior Stroke.
Mayo Clin Proc
January 2025
Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea. Electronic address:
Objective: To assess the comparative effectiveness of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i), thiazolidinediones (TZD), and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4i) for the cardiorenal outcomes and mortality in individuals with type 2 diabetes and a prior stroke.
Patients And Methods: Using the Korean National Health Insurance Service database from 2014 to 2021, a new-user cohort was established through propensity score matching for SGLT2i, TZD, and DPP-4i. The primary outcomes were major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), comprising myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, and cardiovascular death.
Point-Based Prediction Model for Bladder Cancer Risk in Diabetes: A Random Survival Forest-Guided Approach.
J Clin Med
December 2024
JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
Previous epidemiological studies have shown that diabetes is associated with an increased risk of several cancers, including bladder cancer. However, prediction models for bladder cancer among diabetes patients remain scarce. This study aims to develop a scoring system for bladder cancer risk prediction among diabetes patients who receive routine care in general outpatient clinics using a machine learning-guided approach.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCardiovascular disease and its risk factors among people living with HIV: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
J Infect Public Health
January 2025
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, No.38, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China; Institute for Global Health and Development, Peking University, No.5, Yiheyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100871, China; Global Center for Infectious Disease and Policy Research & Global Health and Infectious Diseases Group, Peking University, No.38, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases (Peking University), Ministry of Education, No.38, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China. Electronic address:
This meta-analysis aimed to quantify the latest cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence rate and assess the impact of risk factors among people living with HIV (PLWH). We searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library for studies published up to September 14, 2023. To evaluate effect sizes, we employed multilevel (three-level) random-effects meta-analyses.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTreatment-Emergent Major Adverse Cardiovascular and Thromboembolic Events were Infrequent During Clinical Trials of Pegloticase.
Rheumatology (Oxford)
January 2025
Amgen Inc, Thousand Oaks, CA, USA.
Objectives: Long-term maintenance of serum urate (SU) levels <6 mg/dl reduces gout flare frequency. However, urate-lowering therapy (ULT) initiation can induce gout flare. The incidence of thromboembolic (TE) and cardiovascular (CV) events has been shown to increase in the 30 and 120 days following gout flare, respectively; therefore, the question of ULT initiation increasing patient risk for CV/TE events has been raised.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWant AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!