Animals often fail to faithfully mimic human diseases and drug toxicities, and most in vitro models are not complex enough to recapitulate human body function and pathophysiology. Organ-on-chip culture technology, however, offers a promising tool for the study of tissue development and homeostasis, which has brought us one step closer to performing human experimentation in vitro. To recapitulate the complex functionality of multiple organs at once, their respective on-chip models can be linked to create a functional human body-on-chip platform. Here, we highlight the advantages and translational potentials of body-on-chip platforms in disease modeling, therapeutic development, and personalized medicine. We provide the reader with current limitations of the body-on-chip approach and new ideas to address the pending issues moving forwards.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tibtech.2021.01.004 | DOI Listing |
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Population encoding of observed and actual somatosensations in the human posterior parietal cortex.
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Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125.
Cognition relies on transforming sensory inputs into a generalizable understanding of the world. Mirror neurons have been proposed to underlie this process, mapping visual representations of others' actions and sensations onto neurons that mediate our own, providing a conduit for understanding. However, this theory has limitations.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFExploring associations between the FTO rs9939609 genotype and plasma concentrations of appetite-related hormones in adults with obesity.
PLoS One
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Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
Associations between variants in the FTO locus and plasma concentrations of appetite related hormones are inconsistent, and might not work in a dose dependent fashion in people with obesity. Moreover, it is relevant to report meal related plasma concentrations of these hormones in persons with obesity given the growing interest in their pharmacological potential in obesity therapy. We find it clinically relevant to examine associations between the SNP rs9939609 genotypes and homeostatic appetite regulation in individuals with BMI ≥35 kg/m2.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLaws about bodily damage originate from shared intuitions about the value of body parts.
Sci Adv
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Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
From the biblical to the medieval wergild system and modern workers' compensation laws, laws about bodily damage may originate from cognitive mechanisms that capitalize on an enduring regularity: Different body parts vary in their incremental contributions to human functionality. To evaluate this hypothesis, we conducted a preregistered study with materials based on five legal codes from highly diverse cultures and historical eras: the Law of Æthelberht (Kent, approximately 600 CE), the Guta lag (Gotland, approximately 1220 CE), and workers' compensation laws from the United States, the Republic of Korea, and the United Arab Emirates; and 614 laypeople from the United States and India. The data indicate ordinal agreement in the values attached to body parts by ancient and modern lawmakers, as well as by laypeople in the United States and India.
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Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), a transient form of diabetes that resolves postpartum, is a major risk factor for type 2 diabetes (T2D) in women. While the progression from GDM to T2D is not fully understood, it involves both genetic and environmental components. By integrating clinical, metabolomic, and genome-wide association study (GWAS) data, we identified associations between decreased sphingolipid biosynthesis and future T2D, in part through the allele of the gene in Hispanic women shortly after a GDM pregnancy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFComparison of GFR estimation in patients with diabetes mellitus using the EKFC and CKD-EPI equations.
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Department of Diabetology, Endocrinology, Nephrology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.
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