Ultraintense, ultrashort pulse X-ray scattering in small molecules.

We examine X-ray scattering from an isolated organic molecule from the linear to nonlinear absorptive regime. In the nonlinear regime, we explore the importance of both the coherent and incoherent channels and observe the onset of nonlinear behavior as a function of pulse duration and energy. In the linear regime, we test the sensitivity of the scattering signal to molecular bonding and electronic correlation via calculations using the independent atom model (IAM), Hartree-Fock (HF) and density functional theory (DFT). Finally, we describe how coherent X-ray scattering can be used to directly visualize femtosecond charge transfer and dissociation within a single molecule undergoing X-ray multiphoton absorption.