Assessment of Correlation between Craniofacial Proportions and Genetic Indicators.

Aim And Objective: To assess correlation among craniofacial proportions and genetic indicators using estrogen receptors (ESR1 and ESR2).

Materials And Methods: A total of 128 patients undergoing orthodontic treatment with age range 12-18 years of both genders were included. Lateral cephalogram of all subjects were taken. Vertical and sagittal parameters were studied on these cephalogram. Saliva was used for DNA extraction. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed for assessment of genetic indicators in ESR1 (rs9340799 and rs2234693) and in ESR2 (rs4986938 and rs1256049).

Results: The mean SN cranial base was 68.4 mm, ANB (sagittal jaw relationship) was 2.8°, Ptm-A maxillary length was 46.2 mm, Go-Pg (mandibular body length) was 68.2 mm, Co-Gn (total mandibular length) was 112.8 mm, lower anterior facial height (ANS-Me) was 58.4 mm, N-Me (total anterior facial height) was 108.4 mm, lower posterior facial height (Co-Go) was 58.7 mm, and S-Go (total posterior facial height) was 72.4 mm. It was found that rs4986938 in ESR2 was linked with S-N dimension, with patients having CC genotype possessing negative correlation values ( value 0.05). Similarly, CC genotype possessed minimum mandibular body dimension, and it was found that rs4986938 in ESR2 was also linked with Go-Pg dimension ( value = 0.02). We found reduction in the ANS-Me values in patients with CC genotype in ESR1 rs2234693 ( value = 0.02), whereas there was no correlation of rest genotype with other craniofacial measurements ( value > 0.05).

Conclusion: Evaluation of ESR1 and ESR2 may show role of genetic markers in disparity of craniofacial dimensions in individuals.

Clinical Significance: This study provides an outlay and supports the concept of possible correlation between genetic markers and craniofacial measurements.