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A comprehensive toxicity evaluation in rats after long-term oral Gelsemium elegans exposure. | LitMetric

A comprehensive toxicity evaluation in rats after long-term oral Gelsemium elegans exposure.

Biomed Pharmacother

College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, Hunan, China; Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center of Veterinary Drugs, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, Hunan, China. Electronic address:

Published: May 2021

AI Article Synopsis

  • Gelsemium elegans (G. elegans) is a traditional Chinese medicinal plant that has potential uses for various pains and ailments but faces limitations due to acute toxicity, with long-term effects poorly understood.
  • A study was conducted to investigate the long-term effects of G. elegans exposure on rats, revealing only mild brain cell changes and no significant organ damage or biochemical abnormalities.
  • Findings suggest that although G. elegans may affect neurotransmitter balance related to neuronal excitability, it did not cause significant toxicity over the 21-day exposure period.

Article Abstract

Background: Gelsemium elegans (G. elegans) is a flowering plant of the Loganiaceae family, which had been used in traditional Chinese herb medicine for many years for the treatment of rheumatoid pain, neuropathic pain, spasticity, skin ulcers, anxiety and cancer. Acute toxicity of the plant severely limits the application and development of G. elegans; however, long-term toxicity of exposure to G. elegans has not been illuminated.

Purpose: This study is a comprehensive observation of the effects of long-term exposure (21 days at 70 mg/kg) to G. elegans in rats.

Methods And Results: The histopathological examination showed only a mild glial cell proliferation in the brain, and no lesions were observed in other organs. No abnormal changes in the biochemical parameters were observed that would have significant effects. The identification and analysis of absorbed natural ingredients showed that the active ingredients of the G. elegans could distribute to various tissues, and six compounds were identified in the brain, suggesting that they could cross the blood-brain barrier. Based on the intestinal content metabolomics, the tryptophan (Trp) biosynthesis, bile acid synthesis and bile secretion pathways have attracted our attention. Plasma metabolomic results showed that uric acid (UA) was significantly increased. The results of the brain metabolomic tests showed that the level of pyridoxal (PL) was decreased; considering the expression levels of the related enzymes, it was hypothesized that the level of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) was decreased. PLP was important for the regulation of the neuronal γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)/glutamate (Glu) interconversion and therefore neuronal excitability. The data of the study suggested that toxic reaction caused by G. elegans was due to a disruption of the balance of the neurotransmitter GABA/Glu transformation.

Conclusions: Overall, G. elegans did not cause significant toxic reaction in the rats after long-term exposure. The results were significant for the future clinical applications of G. elegans and suggested that G. elegans could be potentially developed as a drug. The study provided a scientific basis for investigation of the mechanisms of toxicity and detoxification.

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Source
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111284DOI Listing

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