In otorhinolaryngology-head and neck surgery, there are several routine and surgical procedures applied to the upper airway that generate droplets and/or aerosols. Therefore, otorhinolaryngology-head and neck surgeons are at higher risk of being exposed to viral content. The COVID-19 pandemic has shaken the world with approximately 30 million affected cases and more than 900.000 deaths officially reported in more than 200 countries/regions from March 11, 2020 to date (September 12, 2020). All healthcare providers working at the frontlines of the fight against the COVID-19 are at risk of contracting the virus. In this review, we discuss the efficacy of the different types of respiratory protective equipment and remind about the surgery-based respiratory protection strategies in otorhinolaryngology and head and neck surgeries in the light of the latest literature.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.5152/tao.2020.5999 | DOI Listing |
Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol
January 2025
The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Microbiology and Immuology, Galveston, Texas, United States.
Exposure to influenza A virus (IAV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is well-known to increase the risk of pneumonia in humans. Type I interferon (IFN-I) is a hallmark response to acute viral infections, and alveolar macrophages (AMs) constitute the first line of airway defense against opportunistic bacteria. Our study reveals that virus-induced IFN-I receptor (IFNAR1) signaling directly impairs AM-dependent antibacterial protection.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFClin Microbiol Rev
January 2025
Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary/Allergy/Critical Care, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.
SUMMARY (the "pneumococcus") is a significant human pathogen. The key determinant of pneumococcal fitness and virulence is its ability to produce a protective polysaccharide (PS) capsule, and anti-capsule antibodies mediate serotype-specific opsonophagocytic killing of bacteria. Notably, immunization with pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) has effectively reduced the burden of disease caused by serotypes included in vaccines but has also spurred a relative upsurge in the prevalence of non-vaccine serotypes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPorto Biomed J
January 2025
Basic and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
Background: Fear and horror induce autonomic protective responses, acting as "survival intelligence." Pupillometry is an innovative method that captures real-time autonomic nervous system reactions to stress.
Objective: To evaluate the feasibility of pupillometry to assess the acute response to a passive real-life stressor-viewing a truthful war scene.
Drug Des Devel Ther
January 2025
Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, People's Republic of China.
Purpose: The effective compound combination of Bufei Yishen formula III (ECC-BYF III) has shown protective effects against chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, its effect on mitochondrial dysfunction remains unclear. The current study aimed to investigate the effect of ECC-BYF III on mitochondrial dysfunction in COPD mice and elucidate its potential mechanisms.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBMC Med
January 2025
Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
Background: Patients at need for ventilation often are at risk of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Although lung-protective ventilation strategies, including low driving pressure settings, are well known to improve outcomes, clinical practice often diverges from these strategies. A clinical decision support (CDS) system can improve adherence to current guidelines; moreover, the potential of a CDS to enhance adherence can possibly be further increased by combination with a nudge type intervention.
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