Background: Basic sanitation could be a potential indicator of the spread of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) and, in this context, space-time patterns are important tools with which to elucidate the spread of disease and identify risk factors. The aim of this study was to assess a possible association between basic sanitation indices and COVID-19 rates in all the 5570 municipalities of Brazil and its spatial distribution.
Methods: Data of COVID-19 cases registered in Brazil from 28 February until 31 May 2020 and independent variables associated with basic sanitation were included.
Results: High incidence rates were significantly associated with precarious water service index (0-25% coverage) and offstandard faecal coliforms index for tap water (5-50% and 75-100% of samples tested). A significant association between high mortality rates and sewage collection (0-25% coverage)/treatment (25-50% coverage) indices was also verified. In addition, clusters with significant spatial autocorrelation were identified mainly in the North and Northeast regions for mortality and incidence rates (high-high risk areas) and for offstandard faecal coliforms index. Those regions are considered the poorest in Brazil, presenting with low incomes, human agglomerations, as well as a poor basic sanitation system, which also hinder the implementation of COVID-19-preventative measures.
Conclusions: A precarious basic sanitation infrastructure could potentially be associated with the high transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 in Brazil.
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| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7928698 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/trstmh/traa187 | DOI Listing |
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