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Distinctive Microbial Signatures and Gut-Brain Crosstalk in Pediatric Patients with Coeliac Disease and Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. | LitMetric

AI Article Synopsis

  • Coeliac disease (CD) and Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) are autoimmune diseases connected to gut microbiome imbalances, potentially contributing to neuropathy.
  • This study compared gut microbiota in children with CD, T1DM, both conditions, and healthy controls, finding that patients had lower microbial diversity than healthy individuals.
  • Specific bacterial differences were identified between CD and T1DM, and certain gut bacteria were linked to nerve damage, indicating a need for further exploration of how gut health relates to neuropathy.

Article Abstract

Coeliac disease (CD) and Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) are immune-mediated diseases. Emerging evidence suggests that dysbiosis in the gut microbiome plays a role in the pathogenesis of both diseases and may also be associated with the development of neuropathy. The primary goal in this cross-sectional pilot study was to identify whether there are distinct gut microbiota alterations in children with CD ( = 19), T1DM ( = 18) and both CD and T1DM ( = 9) compared to healthy controls ( = 12). Our second goal was to explore the relationship between neuropathy (corneal nerve fiber damage) and the gut microbiome composition. Microbiota composition was determined by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Corneal confocal microscopy was used to determine nerve fiber damage. There was a significant difference in the overall microbial diversity between the four groups with healthy controls having a greater microbial diversity as compared to the patients. The abundance of pathogenic proteobacteria and were significantly higher in CD patients. Differential abundance analysis showed that several bacterial amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) distinguished CD from T1DM. The tissue transglutaminase antibody correlated significantly with a decrease in gut microbial diversity. Furthermore, the Bacteroidetes phylum, specifically the genus was significantly correlated with corneal nerve fiber loss in the subjects with neuropathic damage belonging to the diseased groups. We conclude that disease-specific gut microbial features traceable down to the ASV level distinguish children with CD from T1DM and specific gut microbial signatures may be associated with small fiber neuropathy. Further research on the mechanisms linking altered microbial diversity with neuropathy are warranted.

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Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7913584PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22041511DOI Listing

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