Inquiry-based stress reduction: A systematic review of the empirical literature.

Objective: This paper reviewed the empirical research on inquiry-based stress reduction (IBSR; also called "The Work"), which has similarities to third-wave cognitive behavioral approaches such as Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT). Widely used as a self-help intervention, IBSR has only recently been subjected to empirical research.

Method: We reviewed empirical studies (published and unpublished) that examined IBSR.

Results: We found 17 empirical studies (15 independent samples) that examined IBSR. Several studies reported positive changes on variables such as stress, anxiety, and well-being. However, only three studies evaluated IBSR using randomized clinical trials (RCTs). Concerns related to treatment feasibility and cost-effectiveness of IBSR are noted.

Conclusions: There are some promising initial findings on IBSR. However, additional research employing high-quality research designs is necessary to explore the efficacy and effectiveness of IBSR in various contexts.