Purpose Of Review: Chemosensory dysfunction in the patients with COVID-19 has been reported frequently in the studies from different regions of the world. However, the prevalence of smell and/or taste disorders presents significant ethnic and geographic variability. In addition, the pathogenesis of chemosensory dysfunction remains unclarified.
Recent Findings: This is a narrative review on the recent state of the prevalence, mechanism, and diagnostic and therapeutic strategy of chemosensory dysfunction in COVID-19 patients during the global pandemic. The chemosensory dysfunction was analysis based on recent studies, which either used questionnaires, Likert scales (0-10), or smell tests to estimate the smell and taste dysfunction. The ethnic and geographic difference of the prevalence of smell and/or taste disorders and the potential underlying mechanisms have been discussed. Several suggestions on the diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19 patients with smell and taste disorders were summarized for the physicians. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the current studies regarding the chemosensory dysfunction during the COVID-19 worldwide outbreak.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11882-020-00987-5 | DOI Listing |
Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol
January 2025
Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
Chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH), the main feature of obstructive sleep apnea, heightened chemosensory discharges of the carotid body (CB), which contributes to potentiate the ventilatory hypoxic response and elicits hypertension. We aimed to determine: 1) whether the persistence of cardiorespiratory alterations found in long-term CIH depend on the inputs from the CB and, 2) in what extension the activation of glial cells and neuroinflammation in the caudal region of the nucleus of the Solitary Tract (NTS) requires functional CB chemosensory activity. To evaluate these hypotheses, we exposed male mice to CIH for 60 days.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTrends Immunol
December 2024
Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. Electronic address:
While primarily a sensory organ, the mammalian olfactory epithelium (OE) also plays a critical role as an immune barrier. Mechanisms governing interactions between the immune system and this specialized chemosensory tissue are gaining interest, in part sparked by the COVID-19 pandemic. Regulated inflammation is intrinsic to normal mucosal healing and homeostasis, but prolonged OE inflammation is associated with persistent loss of smell, belying the intertwining of local mucosal immunology and olfactory function.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntroduction: Olfactory dysfunction (OD) is a prevalent nasal affliction that has detrimental effects on the patients' quality of life and safety. Conventional therapeutic strategies have various limitations such as high costs, prolonged treatment durations and adverse side effects. Intranasal insulin is a novel intervention for the management of OD.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Adv Nurs
November 2024
Department of Food Studies, Nutrition and Dietetics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
Aim: To explore trajectories of understanding and managing persistent chemosensory dysfunction after COVID-19 in patients undergoing clinical treatment.
Design: A descriptive qualitative interview study with a realist approach.
Method: Data were collected in Sweden, from August 2022 to March 2023 through semi-structured interviews with 30 patients undergoing treatment for long-lasting smell and taste dysfunction resulting from COVID-19.
Clin Nutr
December 2024
Laboratory of Behavioral Gastronomy, Centre for Healthy Eating and Food Innovation, Maastricht University Campus Venlo, PO Box 8, 5900 AA, Venlo, the Netherlands.
Background & Aims: Smell and taste changes are frequently reported bothersome treatment symptoms during treatment for childhood cancer and assumed to influence outcomes such as food intake. Since nutritional status of children with cancer is already vulnerable, any detrimental effects on food intake should be prevented. Therefore, understanding the exact relationship between chemosensory changes and dietary intake, eating behavior, and other domains such as health-related quality of life (HRQoL), is important for improving outcomes.
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