Retinoic and ascorbic acids induce osteoblast differentiation from human dental pulp mesenchymal stem cells.

J Oral Biol Craniofac Res

Grupo de Investigaciones Básicas y Aplicadas en Odontología, IBAPO Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia.

Published: January 2021

Unlabelled: Previous studies have suggested an important role of retinoic acid (RA) and ascorbic acid (AA) in the stimulation of osteoblastic differentiation; however, the function of RA and AA in the osteogenic differentiation from human dental pulp (hDPSCs) remains unclear.

Objective: This study investigated the effects of RA and AA on the differentiation of osteoblast from hDPSCs.

Methods: hDPSCs were treated with different doses of RA and AA, separately or in combination (RA ​+ ​AA). Morphology and cell proliferation were assessed. Osteoblast differentiation was evaluated by alizarin red, alkaline phosphatase staining, and gene expression.

Results: A significant reduction was observed in the number of cells treated with RA (26%) and RA ​+ ​AA (30%) after 12 days of treatment. AA treatment alone induced a 12% reduction in the number of cells. Morphologically, the cells treated with RA and RA ​+ ​AA were larger and more elongated than the control cells. A mesh pattern was observed in cells treated with AA. Numerous calcified nodules were present in cells treated with RA, AA, and RA ​+ ​AA. This coincided with increased expression of and high alkaline phosphatase staining levels.

Conclusions: hDPSCs treated with RA and RA ​+ ​AA showed significant reduction in proliferation, detectable morphological changes, and expression of the key differentiation gene , consistent with an osteoblast phenotype. AA induced morphological changes and early formation of calcified nodules. RA had a predominant effect when AA and RA were used together.

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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7840990PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jobcr.2021.01.002DOI Listing

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