There has been change in the guidelines for the management of tuberculosis in India. The new guidelines advocate the daily use of Ethambutol for both intensive and continuation phase of the treatment. This may be a matter of concern as increased cumulative dose may lead to increase in incidence of toxic optic neuropathy due to ethambutol. Indian Neuro-Ophthalmology Society has taken cognizance of the issue and has come-up with guidelines for prevention and early detection of the toxic optic neuropathy.
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PLoS One
January 2025
Department of Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine, USC Roski Eye Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America.
Failure of central nervous system (CNS) axons to regenerate after injury results in permanent disability. Several molecular neuro-protective and neuro-regenerative strategies have been proposed as potential treatments but do not provide the directional cues needed to direct target-specific axon regeneration. Here, we demonstrate that applying an external guidance cue in the form of electric field stimulation to adult rats after optic nerve crush injury was effective at directing long-distance, target-specific retinal ganglion cell (RGC) axon regeneration to native targets in the diencephalon.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDrug Deliv Transl Res
January 2025
School of Pharmacy, Medical Biology Centre, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK.
Glaucoma is an optic neuropathy in which progressive degeneration of retinal ganglion cells and the optic nerve leads to irreversible visual loss. Glaucoma is one of the leading causes of blindness. The pathogenesis of glaucoma is determined by different pathogenetic mechanisms, including increased intraocular pressure, mechanical stress, excitotoxicity, resistance to aqueous drainage and oxidative stress.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Despite an aging population, it remains challenging to reliably differentiate between loss of cognitive function associated with normal aging and cognitive decline associated with pathologic processes. With growing interest in using retinal and optic nerve biomarkers to diagnose neurodegenerative diseases, characterization of the velocity of normal retinal age-related changes will further our understanding. We evaluated longitudinal microvascular changes in cognitively normal older adults using optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography (OCTA).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAlzheimers Dement
December 2024
Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
Background: Recent evidence suggests extensive myelin dysfunction in Alzheimer's Disease (AD), lending to investigation of biomarkers previously implicated in both AD and Multiple Sclerosis (MS) to find objective and obtainable diagnostic screening tools. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), Chitinase-3-like protein 1 (CHI3L1), Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 13 (CXCL13), and neurofilament light chain (Nfl) have been known to mark neuronal pathology in both diseases making them attractive markers. Retinal Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) becomes a popular diagnostic tool in both conditions as an inexpensive and rapid way of obtaining a window into the cerebrum.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCurr Protoc
January 2025
Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.
Human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-based disease modeling can be successfully recapitulated to mimic disease characteristics across various human pathologies. Glaucoma, a progressive optic neuropathy, primarily affects the retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). While multiple groups have successfully generated RGCs from non-diseased hiPSCs, producing RGCs from glaucomatous human samples holds significant promise for understanding disease pathology by revealing patient-specific disease signatures.
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