AI Article Synopsis
- Aggressive antiretroviral therapy has effectively suppressed HIV viral loads but HIV reservoirs continue to exist, particularly in the brain.
- The presence of HIV in the brain can lead to conditions like HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND), largely due to inadequate drug concentrations from treatment.
- This article explores how antiretroviral drugs reach the brain and the complexities involved, emphasizing the need for improved strategies to tackle neuroAIDS.
Article Abstract
Aggressive use of antiretroviral therapy has led to excellent viral suppression within the systemic circulation. However, despite these advances, HIV reservoirs still persist. The persistence of HIV within the brain can lead to the development of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND). Although the causes of the development of neurocognitive disorders is likely multifactorial, the inability of antiretroviral therapy to achieve adequate concentrations within the brain is likely a major contributing factor. Information about antiretroviral drug exposure within the brain is limited. Clinically, drug concentrations within the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are used as markers for central nervous system (CNS) drug exposure. However, significant differences exist; CSF concentration is often a poor predictor of drug exposure within the brain. This article reviews the current information regarding antiretroviral exposure within the brain in humans as well as preclinical animals and discusses the impact of co-morbidities on antiretroviral efficacy within the brain. A more thorough understanding of antiretroviral penetration into the brain is an essential component to the development of better therapeutic strategies for neuroAIDS.
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| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8483622 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2021.135691 | DOI Listing |
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