Efficacy of Different Procedures of Metabolic Surgery for Type 2 Diabetes in Asia: a Multinational and Multicenter Exploratory Study.

Introduction: Asian patients with diabetes exhibit different characteristics from Western patients. However, limited large-scale data are available on metabolic surgery procedures in Asia. We compared the short-term efficacies of metabolic surgery procedures for the management of Asian patients with different severities of diabetes.

Methods: We included patients undergoing metabolic surgery in five Asian institutions from January 2008 to December 2015 with at least 1-year postoperative follow-up. Outcomes of weight loss and diabetes control were determined. Diabetes remission rates in different ABCD scores and factors affecting diabetes remission were analyzed.

Results: A total of 1016 patients (mean BMI, 39.0 ± 7.2 kg/m; HbA1c, 8.3% ± 1.7%) underwent metabolic surgery (197, Roux-en-Y gastric bypass [RYGB]; 171, one anastomosis gastric bypass [OAGB]; 437, sleeve gastrectomy [SG]; 130, SG with duodenal-jejunal bypass [SG-DJB]; and 81, single anastomosis duodenal-jejunal bypass with SG [SA-DJBSG]). The OAGB group exhibited significantly higher 1-year total weight loss (30.5%) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remission (78.4%) rates than did the other groups (p < .001). The patients with higher preoperative ABCD scores exhibited higher T2DM remission rates (81.8-100% and 9.5-46.2% in ABCD score subgroups of 9-10 and 1-2, respectively). In multivariate analysis, bypass was found to be an independent predictor of T2DM remission compared with SG (odds ratio of OAGB vs SG, 3.72; RYGB vs SG, 1.96; SG-DJB vs SG, 2.73; SA-DJBSG vs SG, 2.12).

Conclusion: The metabolic surgeries are highly effective in T2DM treatment. However, SG may not be as effective as gastric bypass and duodenal-jejunum bypass.