Development of a Musculoskeletal Ultrasound Protocol to Examine Upper Extremity Rehabilitation Outcomes in Systemic Sclerosis.

Objectives: This study developed a musculoskeletal ultrasound (MSUS) protocol to evaluate rehabilitation outcomes in systemic sclerosis.

Materials & Methods: Three MSUS methods (grey scale, Doppler, strain elastography) and two acquisition techniques (long versus short axis; transducer on skin versus floating on gel) were examined in the forearm before and after rehabilitation treatment. For grey-scale, tissue thickness measures, intra- and inter-rater reliability were calculated (ICCs), and paired t-tests examined differences among techniques.

Results: Five people with diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis participated. The most valid and reliable grey-scale technique was with the transducer in long-axis, floating on gel. Doppler and strain elastography did not detect changes. Both dermal and subcutaneous thickness measurement error was small; intra- and inter-rater reliability was good to excellent. Preliminary data indicate that treatment may lead to dermal thinning.

Conclusion: A replicable protocol was established and may be an adjunct to rehabilitation outcome measurement in systemic sclerosis.