The ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has created many changes and difficulties in healthcare, and the anesthesia specialty is no exception. Both the increased need for personal protective equipment (PPE) and the potential for infection and contamination through respiratory droplets have been sources of much concern. Policies and protocols have been adapted worldwide to help neutralize infection risk and exposure. Transmission of the virus to healthcare workers has been a major concern, and the risk of infection is exceptionally high for Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetists (CRNAs) because of their close contact with infected patients. CRNAs are in a unique position to help decrease exposure for themselves and other members of the healthcare team by taking extra precautions during airway manipulation. A great deal of focus has been placed on reducing risks during intubation, but reports describing methods of reducing contamination and exposure to respiratory droplets during emergence and extubation are scarce. The authors have reviewed techniques to reduce coughing, thereby decreasing the potential of virus exposure through contact with large respiratory droplets and aerosolized particles that may remain suspended in air.
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Food Environ Virol
January 2025
Ōmura Satoshi Memorial Institute, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan.
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and influenza A virus are primarily transmitted through droplets or aerosols from patients. The inactivation effects of existing virus control techniques may vary depending on the environmental factors. Therefore, it is important to establish a suitable evaluation system for assessing virus control techniques against airborne viruses for further real-world implementation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Paediatr Child Health
January 2025
College of Osteopathic Medicine, Rocky Vista University, Ivins, Utah, USA.
Aim: SARS-CoV-2 is highly transmissible, having infected ~16 million children in the United States. Symptom severity is higher in infants compared to older children, possibly due to their ineligibility for vaccination. Concerns persist that mothers transmit infectious viral loads of SARS-CoV-2 through breast milk.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Biol Macromol
December 2024
National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China; Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK. Electronic address:
Biopolymer-based emulsion systems have been used for food preservation. In this study, mung bean protein (MBP) was added to konjac glucomannan (KGM)/curdlan-based camellia oil emulsion (KC-CO) to develop KCM-CO emulsion system. KCM-CO emulsions showed good compatibility and stability during storage.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSTAR Protoc
December 2024
McMaster University, Department of Chemical Engineering, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L7, Canada; McMaster University, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada; McMaster University, School of Biomedical Engineering, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L7, Canada; McMaster University, Centre of Excellence in Protective Equipment and Materials, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L7, Canada; McMaster University, Michael DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada. Electronic address:
Here, we present a protocol for determining the bacterial filtration efficiencies of facemask materials according to the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standard F2101-19. We describe steps for reproducibly generating, collecting, and enumerating viable bacteria-laden aerosols containing the bacterial pathogen Staphylococcus aureus. The optimized operating parameters generate 1,700 to 3,000 viable bacteria-laden aerosol droplets between 2.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPLoS One
December 2024
Department of Health Promotion, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America.
During the COVID-19 pandemic, meatpacking workers were disproportionately affected by disease. Large outbreaks at meatpacking facilities resulted in loss of life and threatened the well-being of workers across the globe. Much work was done throughout the pandemic to understand and prevent these outbreaks.
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