Until 1990, it was illegal for transnational tobacco companies (TTCs) to sell cigarettes in Thailand. We reviewed and analysed internal tobacco industry documents relevant to the Thai market during the 1980s. TTCs' attempts to access the Thai cigarette market during the 1980s concentrated on political lobbying, advertising and promotion of the foreign brands that were illegal to sell in Thailand at the time. They sought to take advantage of the Thai Tobacco Monopoly's (TTM) inefficiency to propose licencing agreements and joint ventures with TTM and took advantages of unclear regulations about cigarette marketing to promote their products through advertising and sponsorship activities. After their initial efforts failed, they successfully lobbied the US to impose trade sanctions to liberalise Thailand's market. Similar to the situation for cigarettes in the 1980s, since 2017, Philip Morris International has worked in parallel with a pro-e-cigarette group to pressure Thailand's government to allow sales of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS; including e-cigarettes and heated tobacco products), knowing the products were illegal under Thai law. Health advocates and government authorities should be aware of past TTCs' tactics for cigarettes and anticipate that TTCs will attempt to use international trade law to force markets open for ENDS if their domestic efforts fail.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
---|---|
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7843299 | PMC |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2020-004288 | DOI Listing |
Drug Alcohol Depend
December 2024
Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA. Electronic address:
Tobacco use disorder is a chronic disorder that affects more than one billion people worldwide and causes the death of millions each year. The rewarding properties of nicotine are critical for the initiation of smoking. Previous research has shown that the activation of glucocorticoid receptors (GRs) plays a role in nicotine self-administration in rats.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNicotine Tob Res
November 2024
Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
Introduction: The increasing prevalence of electronic nicotine delivery systems and alcohol drinking has led to increases in nicotine and alcohol co-use. However, the impact of ENDs on brain activity and binge drinking behavior is not fully understood.
Aims And Methods: We subjected female and male C57BL/6J mice to a voluntary drinking and electronic nicotine vapor exposure paradigm.
Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci
December 2024
Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology, Cantonal Hospital Fribourg, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland.
Objective: The detrimental effects of cigarette smoking on overall health are well-documented, with nicotine and carbon monoxide contributing to peripheral vasoconstriction and impaired oxygen delivery to tissues. This study reviews the impact of smoking on wound and bone healing, specifically in foot and ankle surgery, given its significant role as a modifiable risk factor for complications in orthopedic procedures.
Materials And Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted in May 2024 following PRISMA guidelines.
J Nutr
December 2024
Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Brown University Warren Alpert Medical School, Department of Pediatrics, Global Alliance for Infant and Maternal Health Research, Providence, RI, USA.
Background: Human milk macronutrient (protein, fat, and carbohydrate) and energy concentrations vary based on maternal and infant factors and time postpartum.
Objective: To determine the change in milk macronutrient and energy concentrations from approximately 2 to 5 months postpartum and identify factors associated with this variation among a lactation cohort in Bangladesh.
Methods: In this prospective observational lactation cohort in rural Sylhet, Bangladesh, we collected hand-expressed mid-feed human milk samples and analyzed macronutrient concentrations using mid-infrared spectroscopy.
Biomarkers
January 2025
Juul Labs, Inc., Washington DC.
Introduction: Adults who switch from smoking cigarettes to use of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) may reduce their exposure to harmful and potentially harmful constituents (HPHCs). This study assessed changes in exposure to HPHCs, assessed via biomarkers of exposure (BOEs), among adults who switched to a new ENDS product.
Methods: Adults who smoke cigarettes (N = 89) were randomized to: (1) switch completely to using JUUL2 Virginia Tobacco (N = 24) or Polar Menthol (N = 24); (2) continue smoking usual brand (UB) cigarettes (N = 21); or (3) abstain from all tobacco/nicotine products (N = 20) for six days.
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!