AI Article Synopsis
- Influenza virus infections impact millions yearly, and existing vaccines offer different levels of protection, but the influence of nasal microbiota, especially pneumococcal colonization, on vaccination responses remains unclear.
- In a study, healthy adults were infected with Streptococcus pneumoniae and then vaccinated with either a tetravalent-inactivated influenza vaccine (TIV) or a live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV), with their immune responses measured in the nose, blood, and lungs.
- Findings showed that while TIV responses were unaffected by pneumococcal colonization, it reduced LAIV-mediated mucosal immunity, suggesting that pneumococcal presence in the nose may lower the effectiveness of the LAIV.
Article Abstract
Influenza virus infections affect millions of people annually, and current available vaccines provide varying rates of protection. However, the way in which the nasal microbiota, particularly established pneumococcal colonization, shape the response to influenza vaccination is not yet fully understood. In this study, we inoculated healthy adults with live Streptococcus pneumoniae and vaccinated them 3 days later with either tetravalent-inactivated influenza vaccine (TIV) or live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV). Vaccine-induced immune responses were assessed in nose, blood, and lung. Nasal pneumococcal colonization had no impact upon TIV-induced antibody responses to influenza, which manifested in all compartments. However, experimentally induced pneumococcal colonization dampened LAIV-mediated mucosal antibody responses, primarily IgA in the nose and IgG in the lung. Pulmonary influenza-specific cellular responses were more apparent in the LAIV group compared with either the TIV or an unvaccinated group. These results indicate that TIV and LAIV elicit differential immunity to adults and that LAIV immunogenicity is diminished by the nasal presence of S. pneumoniae. Therefore, nasopharyngeal pneumococcal colonization may affect LAIV efficacy.
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| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7934923 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1172/jci.insight.141088 | DOI Listing |
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