Using percutaneous parapedicle screw vertebroplasty to treat transpedicle screw loosening.

Background: Pedicle screw loosening (PSL) is a postsurgical complication of spinal fusion surgery that can result in morbidity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of percutaneous parapedicle screw vertebroplasty (PPSV) for pain reduction and motility improvement in patients with PSL.

Methods: The postsurgical solid inter-body fusion with inter-body bone mass formation of 32 patients who underwent lumbar-sacrum spinal fusion surgery was confirmed with plain films and CT scans. Each patient had one or two screws with symptomatic PSL and was treated with PPSV. All the patients were then followed up for 12 to 24 months. The visual analog scale (VAS) and Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ) were used to evaluate each patient before the operation, after the operation, and during the follow-up period.

Results: A total of 32 patients with a total of 47 screws with PSL were treated with PPSV and experienced different results in terms of pain reduction (with the mean VAS score dropping from 7.97 ± 0.74 to 2.34 ± 1.59, p < 0.001) and motility improvement (with the mean RMDQ score dropping from 16.75 ± 1.84 to 7.21 ± 4.08, p < 0.001). The motility improvement was significantly correlated with pain reduction (r = 0.42, p = 0.018), with the mean follow-up period being 19.3 ± 6.2 months (range: 8-36 months). However, five patients who experienced moderate improvements had eventually received a revision operation after undergoing PPSV.

Conclusion: The PPSV procedure is effective and safe for the reduction of pain and improvement of life quality in patients with PSL. It can thus be considered as a possible option for the revision of spinal fusion surgery.