DHX37 Impacts Prognosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Lung Adenocarcinoma through Immune Infiltration.

Background: RNA helicases have various essential functions in basically all aspects of RNA metabolism, not only unwinding RNA but also disturbing the interaction of RNA with proteins. Recently, RNA helicases have been considered potential targets in cancers. So far, there has been no detailed investigation of the biological functions of RNA helicase DHX37 in cancers.

Objective: We aim to identify the prognostic value of DHX37 associated with tumor microenvironments in cancers.

Methods: DHX37 expression was examined via the Oncomine database and Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER). We explored the prognostic role of DHX37 in cancers across various databases. Coexpression genes, Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and fundamental regulators were performed via LinkedOmics. Confirming the prognostic value of DHX37 in liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC) and lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), we explored the role of DHX37 in infiltrated lymphocytes in cancers using the Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) and TIMER databases.

Results: Through GO and KEGG analyses, expression of DHX37 was also correlated with complex function-specific networks involving the ribosome and RNA metabolic signaling pathways. In LIHC and LUAD, DHX37 expression showed significant positive correlations with markers of T, myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), and T cell exhaustion, contributing to immune tolerance.

Conclusion: These results indicate that DHX37 can serve as a prognostic biomarker in LIHC and LUAD while having an important role in immune tolerance by activating the function of T, MDSC, and T cell exhaustion.