Differences in the birthweight of infants born to patients with early- or mid-to-late-detected gestational diabetes mellitus who underwent guideline-based glycemic control.

Shigemitsu Yasuda Kazuyuki Inoue Shinichiro Iida Yoichi Oikawa Akira Namba Masashi Isshiki Ikuo Inoue Yoshimasa Kamei Akira Shimada Mitsuhiko Noda

J Diabetes Complications

Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan; Department of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Ichikawa Hospital, International University of Health and Welfare, Chiba, Japan.

Published: April 2021

The study investigates how strict blood sugar control affects the birthweight of infants born to Japanese women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) detected early or later in pregnancy.
The results show that infants of women diagnosed early (ed-GDM) had significantly lower birthweights and a higher rate of low-birthweight cases compared to those diagnosed mid-to-late (md-GDM).
Additionally, fasting plasma glucose levels were notably lower in the ed-GDM group during treatment, suggesting a potential link between early diagnosis, improved glucose control, and lower birthweight in infants.

Aims: To examine the effects of strict glycemic control on the birthweight of infants born to Japanese patients with early- or mid-to-late-detected gestational diabetes mellitus (ed- or md-GDM).

Methods: We retrospectively examined the characteristics of 101 patients with GDM who underwent guideline-based glycemic control. A 75-g oral glucose tolerance test was conducted to diagnose GDM at gestational weeks 11-15 (ed-GDM subgroup) and 24-28 (md-GDM subgroup).

Results: Infant birthweight was significantly lower in the ed-GDM subgroup (n = 25) than in the md-GDM subgroup (n = 76) (2688.3 ± 470.4 g vs. 3052.4 ± 383.1 g, p < 0.05), and the proportion of low-birthweight infants (<2500 g) was significantly higher in the ed-GDM subgroup than in the md-GDM subgroup (32.0% vs. 5.3%, p < 0.005). Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels during early treatment and before delivery were significantly lower in the ed-GDM subgroup than in the md-GDM subgroup (76.1 ± 10.4 mg/dL vs. 85.5 ± 9.6 mg/dL, p < 0.001; 80.5 ± 10.4 mg/dL vs. 90.4 ± 10.3 mg/dL, p < 0.0001).

Conclusions: Patients with ed-GDM showed significantly lower FPG levels during treatment compared to those with md-GDM, presumably indicating an association with the delivery of low-birthweight infants.

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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2021.107850	DOI Listing

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