The regio- and enantioselective allylic substitution of branched alkyl-substituted allylic acetates employing malonates has been achieved through a process that calls for Krische's π-allyliridium ,-benzoate catalyst. The protocol reported herein can be applied to a diverse set of branched alkyl substrates that are generally not well tolerated in the other two types of Ir-catalyzed allylation.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.orglett.0c04309 | DOI Listing |
Angew Chem Int Ed Engl
January 2024
Department of Chemistry, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA.
The fundamental reaction pathways to the simplest dialkylsubstituted aromatics-xylenes (C H (CH ) )-in high-temperature combustion flames and in low-temperature extraterrestrial environments are still unknown, but critical to understand the chemistry and molecular mass growth processes in these extreme environments. Exploiting crossed molecular beam experiments augmented by state-of-the-art electronic structure and statistical calculations, this study uncovers a previously elusive, facile gas-phase synthesis of xylenes through an isomer-selective reaction of 1-propynyl (methylethynyl, CH CC) with 2-methyl-1,3-butadiene (isoprene, C H ). The reaction dynamics are driven by a barrierless addition of the radical to the diene moiety of 2-methyl-1,3-butadiene followed by extensive isomerization (hydrogen shifts, cyclization) prior to unimolecular decomposition accompanied by aromatization via atomic hydrogen loss.
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November 2023
Drug Design and Synthesis Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse and the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
(-)-5,9-Dimethyl-6,7-benzomorphan (normetazocine) derivatives with a -OH or -F substituent in the aromatic ring of the -phenethyl moiety were synthesized and found to have subnanomolar potency at MOR, and both were fully efficacious in vitro. These new compounds, (1,5,9)-6,11-dimethyl-3-(2-fluorophenethyl)-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydro-2,6-methanobenzo[d]azocin-8-ol and (1,5,9)-6,11-dimethyl-3-(4-hydroxyphenethyl)-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydro-2,6-methanobenzo[d]azocin-8-ol, were more potent than the unsubstituted compound -phenethylnormetazocine and about 30 or 40 times more potent than morphine, respectively. A variety of substituents in the , , or position in the aromatic ring of the -phenethyl moiety were synthesized, 25 of these compounds, and found to have varying effects on potency and efficacy as determined by the forskolin-induced cAMP accumulation assay.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Phys Chem A
August 2023
University of Georgia, Department of Chemistry, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States.
Alkyl-substituted cyclic ethers are intermediates formed in abundance during the low-temperature oxidation of hydrocarbons and biofuels via a chain-propagating step with ȮH. Subsequent reactions of cyclic ether radicals involve a competition between ring opening and reaction with O, the latter of which enables pathways mediated by hydroperoxy-substituted carbon-centered radicals (Q̇OOH). Due to the resultant implications of competing unimolecular and bimolecular reactions on overall populations of ȮH, detailed insight into the chemical kinetics of cyclic ethers remains critical to high-fidelity numerical modeling of combustion.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOrg Lett
April 2024
Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry, and Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Materials Chemistry, Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, P. R. China.
The first molybdenum-catalyzed highly regio- and enantioselective allylic amination of both aryl- and alkyl-substituted branched allylic carbonates has been developed. A wide variety of amines, including drugs and complex bioactive molecules, underwent successful amination with excellent reaction outcomes (up to 96% yield, >99% ee, and >20:1 b/l). The reaction could be scaled up and has been applied to the total synthesis of chiral drug molecule ()-clopidogrel (Plavix).
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July 2023
Drug Design and Synthesis Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse and the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
The 5-(3-hydroxy)phenylmorphan structural class of compounds are unlike the classical morphinans, 4,5-epoxymorphinans, and 6,7-benzomorphans, in that they have an equatorially oriented aromatic ring rather than the axial orientation of that ring found in the classical opioids. This modified and simplified opioid-like structure has been shown to retain antinociceptive activity, depending on its stereochemistry and substituents, and some of them have been found to be much more potent than morphine. A simple C9-hydroxy-5-(3-hydroxy)phenylmorphan enantiomer was found to be about 500 times more potent than morphine in vivo.
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