Sloths are xenarthrans from Central and South America with a highly adapted morphophysiology. Five of the six known species of sloths are found in Brazil, among which (maned three-toed sloth) is considered a vulnerable species by International Union for Conservation of Nature. Nevertheless, knowledge on health and disease of sloths is very scarce, thus this study aimed to describe macroscopic and microscopic findings in 36 Brazilian sloths. The most common findings included iron storage disorder, probable bacterial pneumonia, gastric and intestinal nematode parasitism, and a presumptive diagnosis of systemic mastocytosis.
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