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Function: insertAPISummary
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B cells are primarily known for their capacity to differentiate into antibody-secreting cells (ASCs). ASCs are usually viewed as terminally differentiated cells sharing a unique phenotype. However, it lately became evident that ASCs exist in a variety of subsets differing by their lifespan, anatomic location, and immunological function. Thus, ASCs can exist as long-lived plasma cells (LLPC) that can persist for years in a nonproliferating state within particular niches in the bone marrow (BM), or as short-lived plasma cells (SLPC) that are primarily found in secondary lymphoid organs or inflamed tissues and wane upon the termination of the associated immune response. Another layer of ASC diversity was uncovered with the discovery of their capacity to produce various pro- or anti-inflammatory cytokines. Notably, a subset of natural regulatory plasma cells characterized by the distinctive expression of the inhibitory receptor lymphocyte activation gene (LAG)-3 and a unique capacity to produce interleukin (IL)-10 upon stimulation was recently identified. Here, we describe how to immunophenotypically characterize murine plasma cells as well as how to isolate them using cell sorting, with a special focus on these recently described natural regulatory plasma cells.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-1237-8_3 | DOI Listing |
Ochsner J
January 2024
Division of Cardiology, Baylor Scott & White Medical Center, Temple, TX.
Waldenström macroglobulinemia is a rare cancer of plasma cells characterized by the excessive production of immunoglobulin M (IgM). IgM-associated systemic amyloid light chain (AL) amyloidosis is a rare complication of Waldenström macroglobulinemia, characterized by the misfolding of lambda light chains that deposit in various organs, including the heart. We describe a case of progressive nonischemic cardiomyopathy secondary to Waldenström macroglobulinemia and IgM-associated AL amyloidosis that was refractory to medical therapy and highlight the challenges in diagnosis and management.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Immunol
December 2024
Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Huadu District People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China.
Gut immunity is essential for maintaining intestinal health. Recent studies have identified that intracellular liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) may play a significant role in regulating gut immunity, however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. LLPS refers to droplet condensates formed through intracellular molecular interactions, which are crucial for the formation of membraneless organelles and biomolecules.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Immunol
December 2024
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States.
Introduction: Immunogenicity continues to be a challenge for development and clinical utility of monoclonal antibodies, and there are gaps in our current ability to prevent anti-drug antibody development in a safe and antigen-specific manner.
Methods: To mitigate immunogenicity of monoclonal antibodies administered subcutaneously, O-phospho-L-serine (OPLS)-the head group of the tolerance-inducing phospholipid, phosphatidylserine-was investigated as an immunoregulatory adjuvant.
Results: Formulations of adalimumab, trastuzumab or rituximab with OPLS showed reduction in relative immunogenicity in mice compared to vehicle formulations, indicated by reduced anti-drug antibody development and significant reductions in CD138+ plasma cell differentiation in bone marrow.
Biol Psychiatry Glob Open Sci
January 2025
Department of Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York.
Background: An excess of exosomes, nanovesicles released from all cells and key regulators of brain plasticity, is an emerging therapeutic target for stress-related mental illnesses. The effects of chronic stress on exosome levels are unknown; even less is known about molecular drivers of exosome levels in the stress response.
Methods: We used our state-of-the-art protocol with 2 complementary strategies to isolate neuronal exosomes from plasma, ventral dentate gyrus, basolateral amygdala, and olfactory bulbs of male mice to determine the effects of chronic restraint stress (CRS) on exosome levels.
Front Cell Dev Biol
December 2024
Program of Life and Environmental Science, Graduate School of Integral Science for Life, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.
Polarized transport is essential for the construction of multiple plasma membrane domains within cells. photoreceptors serve as excellent model systems for studying the mechanisms of polarized transport. We conducted a comprehensive soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) screening of the fly genome using RNAi knockdown and CRISPR/Cas9 somatic knockout combined with the CoinFLP system to identify SNAREs involved in post-Golgi trafficking.
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