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Key Roles of Free Cations in Modulating the Reaction Rate in Imidazolium Ionic Liquid-Dimethyl Sulfoxide Mixtures.
J Phys Chem B
October 2024
Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China.
Imidazolium ionic liquids (ILs) are widely utilized in various fields due to their distinctive properties. However, their high viscosity limits their application in specific reactions, and mixing ILs with organic components is a way to solve this problem. While previous studies mainly focused on the structural changes of ILs after adding organic molecules, no studies elucidated the influence of their existing species on chemical reactions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGenotoxicity assessments of N-nitrosoethylisopropylamine (NEIPA) and N-nitrosodiisopropylamine (NDIPA) in the C57BL/6J mouse.
Mutat Res Genet Toxicol Environ Mutagen
May 2024
National Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Key Laboratory of Beijing for Nonclinical Safety Evaluation Research of Drugs, Beijing 100176, PR China. Electronic address:
N-Nitrosamines, known as drug impurities and suspected carcinogens, have drawn significant public concern. In response to drug regulatory needs, the European Medicines Agency (EMA) has previously proposed a carcinogenic potency categorization approach based on the N-nitrosamine α-hydroxylation hypothesis, i.e.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPhosphocalcic metabolism and its potential association with biomarkers of kidney disease in dogs with spontaneous hyperadrenocorticism.
Vet J
June 2024
Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, CHUVA, Service de médecine interne, Maisons-Alfort F-94700, France; Ecole nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort, Univ Paris Est Créteil, INSERM, IMRB, Maisons-Alfort 94700, France. Electronic address:
Article Synopsis
- The study investigates how hyperadrenocorticism (HAC) affects calcium and phosphate metabolism in dogs, linking these changes to kidney health.
- It compares 54 dogs across three groups: those with HAC, those with other illnesses, and healthy dogs, measuring various serum and urinary biomarkers.
- Results show that dogs with HAC have significantly higher serum phosphate levels, urinary calcium excretion, and altered Vitamin D metabolism, suggesting a connection between HAC, proteinuria, and kidney function.
Mupirocin is a clinically important antibiotic produced by a -AT Type I polyketide synthase (PKS) in . The major bioactive metabolite, pseudomonic acid A (PA-A), is assembled on a tetrasubstituted tetrahydropyran (THP) core incorporating a 6-hydroxy group proposed to be introduced by α-hydroxylation of the thioester of the acyl carrier protein (ACP) bound polyketide chain. Herein, we describe an in vitro approach combining purified enzyme components, chemical synthesis, isotopic labelling, mass spectrometry and NMR in conjunction with in vivo studies leading to the first characterisation of the α-hydroxylation bimodule of the mupirocin biosynthetic pathway.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRemote functionalization reactions in steroids: discovery and application.
Steroids
April 2024
Department of Chemistry, The University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston 7, Jamaica. Electronic address:
Research published between 2001 and 2022 on the functionalization of remote positions of steroids, as well as the use of this technique in the generation of biologically active compounds has been reviewed. In the first section of the analysis established and novel methods for activation of sites deemed to be remote were reported. A series of manganese- (mainly), rhodium-, ruthenium- and osmium-centered porphyrins as catalysts in the presence of PIDA as oxidant have effected hydroxylation at C-1, -5, -6, -7, -11, -14, -15, -16, -17, -20, -24 and -25.
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