Since its introduction as a treatment for strabismus, botulinum toxin (BoNT) has had a phenomenal journey and is now recommended as first-line treatment for focal dystonia, despite short-term clinical benefits and the risks of adverse effects. To cater for the high demand across various medical specialties, at least six US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved formulations of BoNT are currently available for diverse labelled indications. The toxo-pharmacological properties of these formulations are not uniform and thus should not be used interchangeably. Synthetic BoNTs and BoNTs from non-clostridial sources are not far from clinical use. Moreover, the study of mutations in naturally occurring toxins has led to modulation in the toxo-pharmacokinetic properties of BoNTs, including the duration and potency. We present an overview of the toxo-pharmacology of conventional and novel BoNT preparations, including those awaiting imminent translation from the laboratory to the clinic.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7828686 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins13010058 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
A Rare Case of Refractory Erythromelalgia Managed by Botulinum Toxin A.
Indian Dermatol Online J
November 2024
Department of Dermatology, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University) Medical College and Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India.
Two studies, two outcomes: botulinum toxin in lifelong premature ejaculation treatment.
Asian J Androl
January 2025
Department of Urology, Biruni University, İstanbul 34015, Türkiye.
Probing the properties of PTEN specific botulinum toxin type E mutants.
J Neural Transm (Vienna)
January 2025
Institut für Zellbiochemie, OE 4310, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, 30623, Hannover, Germany.
Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNT) are established biopharmaceuticals for neuromuscular and secretory conditions based on their ability to block neurotransmitter release from neurons by proteolyzing specific soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) proteins. Recently, a mutant catalytic domain of serotype E (LC/E) exhibiting 16 mutations was reported to cleave the phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN). This molecule represents an attractive new target in neurons as several reports support PTEN knockdown as a strategy to stimulate axonal regeneration after injury.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA Combined Treatment Proposal for the Empty Deep Pyriform Space.
Aesthetic Plast Surg
January 2025
, São Paulo, Brazil.
Background: Deepening of the nasolabial fold (NLF), drooping of the nasal tip, and facial expressions perceived as angry face, are common esthetic concerns. However, no studies have correlated this set of signs and symptoms with common anatomical causes. We review anatomical considerations of the region and propose a combined treatment modality.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF7. Cervical facet pain: Degenerative alterations and whiplash-associated disorder.
Pain Pract
February 2025
Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Management, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Introduction: Pain from the cervical facet joints, either due to degenerative conditions or due to whiplash-related trauma, is very common in the general population. Here, we provide an overview of the literature on the diagnosis and treatment of cervical facet-related pain with special emphasis on interventional treatment techniques.
Methods: A literature search on the diagnosis and treatment of cervical facet joint pain and whiplash-associated disorders (WAD) was performed using PubMed, Cochrane, and Embase databases.
Want AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!