AI Article Synopsis
- An understanding of cancer's underlying mechanisms is crucial for effective diagnosis and treatment, highlighting the complex transformation of normal cells into cancerous ones.
- Historical perspectives on cancer have shifted from viewing it as a curse to recognizing single-cell heterogeneity, resulting in significant challenges in therapy.
- The original 'Hallmarks of Cancer' framework has been expanded to include four new hallmarks, emphasizing cellular regression, epigenetic changes, and the influences of microorganisms and neuronal signaling, which can lead to novel therapeutic strategies.
Article Abstract
Diagnosis and treatment of disease demand a sound understanding of the underlying mechanisms, determining any Achilles' heel that can be targeted in effective therapies. Throughout history, this endeavour to decipher the origin and mechanism of transformation of a normal cell into cancer has led to various theories-from cancer as a curse to an understanding at the level of single-cell heterogeneity, meaning even among a single sub-type of cancer there are myriad molecular challenges to overcome. With increasing insight into cancer genetics and biology, the disease has become ever more complex to understand. The complexity of cancer as a disease was distilled into key traits by Hanahan and Weinberg in their seminal 'Hallmarks of Cancer' reviews. This lucid conceptualization of complex cancer biology is widely accepted and has helped advance cancer therapeutics by targeting the various hallmarks but, with the advancement in technologies, there is greater granularity in how we view cancer as a disease, and the additional understanding over the past decade requires us to revisit the hallmarks of cancer. Based on extensive study of the cancer research literature, we propose four novel hallmarks of cancer, namely, the ability of cells to regress from a specific specialized functional state, epigenetic changes that can affect gene expression, the role of microorganisms and neuronal signalling, to be included in the hallmark conceptualization along with evidence of various means to exploit them therapeutically.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7881179 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsob.200358 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Trastuzumab deruxtecan in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive breast cancer brain metastases: A systematic review and updated meta-analysis.
Cancer Treat Rev
January 2025
Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Virginia Comprehensive Cancer Center, Charlottesville, VA, United States. Electronic address:
Background: Trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd) has shown promising activity in patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive breast cancer (BC) and central nervous system (CNS) involvement. In this updated meta-analysis, we explore the effectiveness of T-DXd in a large subset of patients with HER2-positive BC and CNS disease.
Methods: A systematic search was made on September 16th, 2024, for studies investigating T-DXd in the scenario of HER2-positive BC and brain metastases (BMs) and/or leptomeningeal disease (LMD).
Occult collision tumor of the gastroesophageal junction comprising adenocarcinomas with distinct molecular profiles.
Cancer Genet
January 2025
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA; Rutgers Cancer Institute, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
Collision tumors, characterized by the coexistence of two unique neoplasms in close approximation, are rare and pose diagnostic challenges. This is particularly true when the unique neoplasms are of the same histologic type. Here we report such a case where comprehensive tumor profiling by next generation sequencing (NGS) as well as immunohistochemistry revealed two independent adenocarcinomas comprising what was initially diagnosed as a single adenocarcinoma of the gastroesophageal (GEJ) junction.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFComparative evaluation of PD-L1 expression and tumor immune microenvironment in molecular subtypes of muscle-invasive bladder cancer and its correlation with survival outcomes.
Am J Clin Pathol
January 2025
Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
Objectives: Immune checkpoint inhibitors have revolutionized treatment of platinum-refractory advanced bladder cancer, offering hope where options are limited. Response varies, however, influenced by factors such as the tumor's immune microenvironment and prior therapy. Muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) is stratified into molecular subtypes, with distinct clinicopathologic features affecting prognosis and treatment.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSynthesis of complex, multiring, spirocyclic, 1,3-dicarbonyl fused, and highly functionalized 5-phenyl-1-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexanes (ABCH) has been achieved by an intermolecular reaction of 2-(2'-ketoalkyl)-1,3-indandiones or α,γ-diketo esters with (1-azidovinyl)benzenes under transition metal-free conditions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWork-related Fatigue: Relationship between Perceived and Performance Fatigability in Career Firefighters.
J Occup Environ Med
November 2024
Neuromuscular and Occupational Performance Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology and Sport Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States.
Objective: The purpose of this study was to 1) examine the relationship between perceived work-related fatigue and performance fatigability, and 2) assess the impact of percent body fat (%BF) on perceived fatigue constructs in career firefighters.
Methods: Thirty-nine career firefighters completed body composition testing, the Occupational Fatigue Exhaustion Recovery (OFER15) scale assessing three subscales of work-related fatigue (acute fatigue, chronic fatigue, and inter-shift recovery), and maximal leg extensor isometric strength testing prior to and following an isotonic fatiguing protocol.
Results: Performance fatigability was not associated with any of the OFER15 perceived work-related fatigue variables (P ≥ 0.
Want AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!