Efficacy of radical prostatectomy on prostate cancer patients and analysis of risk factors for biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy.

Purpose: To investigate the efficacy of radical prostatectomy on prostate cancer (PC) patients and analyze the risk factors for biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy.

Methods: A total of 168 PC patients aged 38-75 years admitted to and treated in our hospital from January 2017 to January 2018 underwent radical prostatectomy. Differences in the levels of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and tumor markers in the patients before and after treatment were compared. The patients were divided into recurrence group (group 1) and non-recurrence group (group 2) according to postoperative recurrence. The risk factors for biochemical recurrence were analyzed by comparing the PC stage, body mass index (BMI), Gleason score and the positive resection margin between the two groups of patients.

Results: There was a significant difference in the expression level of serum PSA in PC patients before and after treatment, and the PSA level was decreased remarkably after treatment, which was lower than that before treatment (p<0.05). The expression levels of tumor markers, neuron-specific enolases (NSE), carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in PC patients after treatment were decreased and were obviously lower than those before treatment (p<0.05). The proportion of patients with tumors in stage T3 was the largest in group 1, and the proportion of patients with tumors in stage T1 was the largest in group 2. Through comparison, it was found that the disease condition of the patients in group 2 was better than that in group 1 (p<0.05). The results showed that the proportion of patients with BMI ≥30 in group 1 was the largest, while that of patients with BMI <30 in group 2 was the largest, displaying a statistically significant difference (p<0.05). There were 29 patients with Gleason score >8 points in group 1 and 34 patients with Gleason score ≤6 points in group 2, showing a statistically significant difference (p<0.05). The number of patients with positive resection margin ≥60% in group 1 was larger than that in group 2 (p<0.05). It was also discovered from the multivariate analysis that Gleason score, cancer stage, BMI and resection margin were all the risk factors for biochemical recurrence of patients after radical prostatectomy (p<0.05).

Conclusions: Radical prostatectomy brings good efficacy in the treatment of the disease, which can evidently reduce the PSA and tumor marker levels in the patients. In the meantime, the positive resection margin, BMI, Gleason score and cancer stage are found to be related to the biochemical recurrence of PC patients.