Updated recurrence risks figures are presented for genetic counseling of families with a congenital heart defect (CHD) in a first-degree relative. Substantial changes are recommended for counseling the family in which a parent has CHD. The risk is much greater if it is the mother rather than the father who has the heart defect. The updated figures for recurrence risks in sibs have been revised, but are not greatly changed. Our central tenet in counseling is to base risk projections on the genetic and teratogenic history in the individual family and pregnancy.
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