This study aimed to identify the volatile compounds in the fermented and dried cocoa beans conducted with three distinct inoculants of yeast species due to their high fermentative capacity: , , the mixture in equal proportions 1:1 of both species, and a control fermentation (with no inoculum application). Three starter cultures of yeasts, previously isolated and identified in cocoa fermentation in the municipality of Tomé-Açu, Pará state, Brazil. The seeds with pulp were removed manually and placed in wooden boxes for the fermentation process that lasted from 6 to 7 days. On the last day of fermentation, the almonds were packaged properly and placed to dry (36 °C), followed by preparation for the analysis of volatile compounds by GC-MS technique. In addition to the control fermentation, a high capacity for the formation of desirable compounds in chocolate by the inoculants with was observed, which was confirmed through multivariate analyses, classifying these almonds with the highest content of aldehydes, esters, ketones and alcohols and low concentration of off-flavours. We conclude that the addition of mixed culture starter can be an excellent alternative for cocoa producers, suggesting obtaining cocoa beans with desirable characteristics for chocolate production, as well as creating a product identity for the producing region.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26020344 | DOI Listing |
Metabolomics
January 2025
Owlstone Medical Ltd, Cambridge, UK.
Chemosphere
January 2025
Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas (FORTH/ICE-HT), 26504, Patras, Greece. Electronic address:
The goal of the present work is to quantify the performance of ozonation as a method for the in situ remediation of soils polluted at varying degree with different types of hydrocarbons, and assess its applicability, in terms of remediation efficiency, cost factors, and environmental impacts. Ozonation tests are conducted on dry soil beds, for three specific cases: sandy soil contaminated with low, moderate and high concentration of a non-aqueous phase liquid (NAPL) consisting of equal concentrations of n-decane, n-dodecane, and n-hexadecane; sandy soil polluted with diesel fuel; oil-drilling cuttings (ODC). The transient changes of the concentration of the total organic carbon (TOC), total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD) in soil and carbon dioxide (CO), carbon monoxide (CO), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and ozone (O) in exhaust gases are recorded.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Chem Ecol
January 2025
Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Laboratório de Semioquímicos, Brasília, DF, 70297-400, Brazil.
The small black stem bug, Paratibraca (= Glyphepomis) spinosa (Campos and Grazia 1998), is a rice pest in Brazil and is part of a complex of stink bugs that includes Oebalus poecilus (Dallas) and Tibraca limbativentris Stål. Together, these pentatomid species pose a serious threat to rice crops throughout South America. In this study, we identified the sex pheromone of P.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPlants (Basel)
January 2025
United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, San Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences Center, Parlier, CA 93648, USA.
Plant viruses have been known to alter host metabolites that influence the attraction of insect vectors. Our study investigated whether (CYVCV) infection influences vector attractiveness, focusing on the citrus whitefly, (Ashmead). Free choice assays showed that citrus whiteflies exhibited a preference for settling on CYVCV-infected lemon plants versus healthy control plants.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPlants (Basel)
January 2025
Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Thessaly, Terma N. Temponera Str., 43100 Karditsa, Greece.
The members of the genus Mill. are notable for producing a diverse range of structurally intricate secondary metabolites, being the focus of current phytochemical research. Their importance is recognized as several species hold significant ethnopharmacological value, being traditionally used to address ailments in human systems, such as respiratory, gastrointestinal, and urinary conditions, among others.
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