The construction of a single polymer network with extreme stretchability, relatively high mechanical strength, and fast and facile autonomous room-temperature self-healing capability still remains a challenge. Herein, supramolecular polymer networks are fabricated by synergistically incorporating metal-ligand and hydrogen bonds in poly(propylene glycol) (PPG). The representative specimen, PPG-Im-MDA-1.5-0.25-Cu, shows a combination of notable mechanical properties involving an extreme stretching ratio of 346 ± 14× and a Young's modulus of 2.10 ± 0.14 MPa, which are superior to the previously reported extremely stretchable polymeric materials. Notably, the destroyed specimen can fully recover mechanical performances within 1 h. The tunability of mechanical properties and self-healing capability has been actualized by merely tailoring the content of a chain extender. The application of the as-prepared supramolecular PPG network in constructing a flexible and self-healable conductor has been demonstrated. This strategy provides some insights for preparing extremely stretchable and self-healable polymeric materials.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsami.0c19560 | DOI Listing |
Nat Commun
January 2025
Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA.
Wearable and implantable bioelectronics that can interface for extended periods with highly mobile organs and tissues across a broad pH range would be useful for various applications in basic biomedical research and clinical medicine. The encapsulation of these systems, however, presents a major challenge, as such devices require superior barrier performance against water and ion penetration in challenging pH environments while also maintaining flexibility and stretchability to match the physical properties of the surrounding tissue. Current encapsulation materials are often limited to near-neutral pH conditions, restricting their application range.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSmall
January 2025
Institute of Biomass and Function Materials & National Demonstration Centre for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering Education, College of Bioresources Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, P. R. China.
As skin bioelectronics advances, hydrogel wearable devices have broadened perspectives in environment sensing and health monitoring. However, their application is severely hampered by poor mechanical and self-healing properties, environmental sensitivity, and limited sensory functions. Herein, inspired by the hierarchical structure and unique cross-linking mechanism of hagfish slime, a self-powered supramolecular hydrogel is hereby reported, featuring high stretchability (>2800% strain), ultrafast autonomous self-healing capabilities (electrical healing time: 0.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Biol Macromol
January 2025
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China. Electronic address:
Hydrogel-based flexible electronic devices have garnered significant attention due to their excellent mechanical properties, high electrical conductivity, and signal sensitivity. Nevertheless, internal water molecules crystallize inevitably at low temperatures, impairing the performance of hydrogels. Designing anti-freezing and tough hydrogels to meet long-term stability requirements is extremely challenging.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFACS Mater Au
January 2025
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 1-1 Sensuicho, Tobataku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 804-8550, Japan.
Ionic gels (IGs), ionic liquids (ILs) dispersed in polymers, exhibit extremely low vapor pressure, electrochemical and thermal stability, and excellent mechanical characteristics; therefore, they are used for fabricating stretchable sensors, electrochemical transistors, and energy storage devices. Although such characteristics are promising for flexible and stretchable electronics, the mechanical stress-induced ruptured covalent bonds forming polymer networks cannot recover owing to the irreversible interaction between the bonds. Physical cross-linking via noncovalent bonds enables the interaction of polymers and ILs to form supramolecular IGs (SIGs), which exhibit favorable characteristics for wearable devices that conventional IGs with noncovalent bonds cannot achieve.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFACS Mater Au
January 2025
Christian Doppler Laboratory for Soft Structures for Vibration Isolation and Impact Protection (ADAPT), School of Education, STEM Education, Johannes Kepler University Linz, 4040 Linz, Austria.
Soft materials play a pivotal role in the efficacy of stretchable electronics and soft robotics, and the interface between the soft devices and rigid counterparts is especially crucial to the overall performance. Herein, we develop polyimide-polydimethylsiloxane (PI-PDMS) copolymers that, in various ratios, combine on a molecular level to give a series of chemically similar materials with an extremely wide Young's modulus range starting from soft 2 MPa and transitioning to rigid polymers with up to 1500 MPa. Of particular significance is the copolymers' capacity to prepare seamless stiffness gradients, as evidenced by strain distribution analyses of gradient materials, due to them being unified on a molecular level.
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