Università "La Sapienza", Dipartimento di Chirurgia Pietro Valdoni, Viale del Policlinico, 155 00161, Roma, Italy.
Published: January 2021
AI Article Synopsis
Article Abstract
Background: In response to the coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, healthcare systems worldwide have stepped up their infection prevention and control efforts in order to reduce the spread of the infection. Behaviours, such as hand hygiene, screening and cohorting of patients, and the appropriate use of antibiotics have long been recommended in surgery, but their implementation has often been patchy.
Methods: The current crisis presents an opportunity to learn about how to improve infection prevention and control and surveillance (IPCS) behaviours. The improvements made were mainly informal, quick and stemming from the frontline rather than originating from formal organizational structures. The adaptations made and the expertise acquired have the potential for triggering deeper learning and to create enduring improvements in the routine identification and management of infections relating to surgery.
Results: This paper aims to illustrate how adopting a human factors and ergonomics perspective can provide insights into how clinical work systems have been adapted and reconfigured in order to keep patients and staff safe.
Conclusion: For achieving sustainable change in IPCS practices in surgery during COVID-19 and beyond we need to enhance organizational learning potentials.
School of Public Health, the key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 561113, China.
With the global prevalence of the hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD) epidemic, the development of reliable point-of-care testing (POCT) is crucial for the timely identification and prevention of outbreaks. Isothermal nucleic acid amplification techniques (INAATs) have attracted much attention because of their high efficiency for rapid diagnosis. In this work, we systematically summarize the current status of INAATs for HFMD and discuss advantages and drawbacks of various INAATs for HFMD.
Background: Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a common but underdiagnosed and undertreated health condition and is the leading cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) worldwide. HBV (rated a Grade 1 carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer) drives the transformation of hepatocytes in multiple ways by inducing viral DNA integrations, genetic dysregulation, chromosomal translocations, chronic inflammation, and oncogenic pathways facilitated by some HBV proteins. Importantly, these mechanisms are active throughout all phases of HBV infection.
This paper presents a comprehensive and updated overview of inborn errors of immunity (IEIs), focusing on the optimal treatment strategies. IEIs or primary immunodeficiencies (PIDs) are a heterogeneous group of approximately 500 disorders, classified into ten categories according to the affected component of the immune system. The clinical presentation varies, based on the type of the disorder and the patient's age.
Introduction: Managing open distal radius fractures (DRFs) poses challenges. While preventing surgical site infection (SSI) involves prompt antibiotic administration and thorough irrigation and debridement, the impact of urgent intervention on reducing postoperative infection rates is debated. We hypothesize that timing of surgery does not significantly affect the incidence of SSI in open DRF treated within or after 24 hours from time of injury.
Background: is a transmitted respiratory pathogen that causes high morbidity and mortality in children, especially those under 5 years of age. During the implementation of population control measures for COVID-19 in mainland China, the detection rate in pediatric patients decreased. However, with the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic (2022), the incidence of pneumococcal disease (PD) and even invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) began to rise again.
