Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is a useful biomarker for organophosphate and carbamate pesticides exposure. The inhibition of this enzyme has been associated with neurotoxicity and alterations at higher levels of biological organization, such as behavior and development impairments. In this chapter, we describe the methodologies for analyses of AChE activity in pools of 96 h of embryos of zebrafish (Danio rerio) using a spectrophotometric method adapted to 96-well microtiter plates.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-1091-6_10 | DOI Listing |
Sci Rep
January 2025
Stem Cells Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
In this study, new cinnamic acid linked to triazole acetamide derivatives was synthesized and evaluated for anti-Alzheimer and anti-melanogenesis activities. The structural elucidation of all analogs was performed using different analytical techniques, including H-NMR, C-NMR, mass spectrometry, and IR spectroscopy. The synthesized compounds were assessed in vitro for their inhibitory activities against acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), and tyrosinase enzymes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNeurochem Res
January 2025
Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ondokuz Mayıs, Samsun, Türkiye.
In the present study, the effects of the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme inhibitor rivastigmine (RIVA) on spike-wave discharges (SWDs), memory impairment, anxiety-like behavior, and the transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) gene expression were investigated in genetic absence epileptic Wistar Albino Glaxo/Rijswijk (WAG/Rij) rats. After tripolar electrodes were implanted on the WAG/Rij rats' skulls, single doses of 0.125, 0.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCell Biochem Biophys
January 2025
Department of Rehabilitation Therapeutics, School of Nursing, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.
Cholinergic deficiency and neuroinflammation are the two main factors of Alzheimer's disease. Recent studies have shown that water-soluble ginseng oligosaccharides (WGOS) derived from Panax ginseng roots can protect against scopolamine-induced impairments in learning and memory. However, the fundamental mechanisms remain unclear for the most part.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAlzheimers Dement
December 2024
Ivane Beritashvili Center of Experimental Biomedicine, Tbilisi, Georgia.
Background: There is growing evidence from laboratory and clinical trials that deep brain stimulation (DBS) at memory associated structures enhances cognitive functions. Best site for memory enhancing-DBS is still unclear. The medial septum (MS), the important modulator of the hippocampal neural network, might be a key target to accomplish therapeutic efficacy in memory impaired patients.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAlzheimers Dement
December 2024
University Institute of Pharmaceutical sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, Chandigarh, India.
Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) due to external forces is a major cause of morbidity and mortality among people of all age groups, worldwide. Multiple biological processes like neuroinflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, amyloid β (Aβ) production, and tau hyperphosphorylation are involved in the pathogenesis of TBI. The role of neuroinflammation and oxidative stress has been suggested in the pathophysiology of brain injury-induced cognitive dysfunction.
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